Chapter 3-4 Southern Colonies

3-4 Coming to America Tobacco prices fall – Small farms hurt – Large farms and Plantations able to make profit Plantations need workers – Not all came by choice – English criminals – Scottish and Irish prisoners – African slaves Others came as indentured servants- work for free to pay for their passage to America

3-4 Maryland Lord Baltimore wanted a safe place for Catholics to settle, also wanted the colony to bring him fortune 1632 King Charles II grants him a proprietary colony north of Virginia ships with 200 settlers enter Chesapeake Bay and sail up the Potomac River Tobacco and Corn became the primary crops in Maryland Baltimore became the colonies s port and largest settlement

3-4 Maryland Baltimore gave land to relatives and Aristocrats but needed people to work the plantation fields To attract settlers offered headrights – Also brought in indentured servants and enslaved Africans

3-4 Mason-Dixon line Boundary issues arose between Penn and Calvert Jeremiah Dixon and Charles Mason were astronomers hired to establish a clear border between the two colonies Issues between Protestants welcomed into Maryland and Catholics began to occur 1649 Act of Toleration was passed allowing Protestants and Catholics to worship freely The Act was intended to keep Maryland from becoming a Protestant colony, but later did

3-4 Virginia Successful tobacco industry pushed many settlers to expand inland Caused conflict with Native Americans Governor Berkeley made an arrangement with the Native Americans to keep any more settlers from expanding West

3-4 Virginia/Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon was outraged by the limitation put on the settlers for westward expansion as well as the lack of protection for colonists from Native Americans 1676 Bacon leads a rebellion attacking Native American settlements and eventually turning on Jamestown Bacon becomes ill and dies before he can take control of Virginia

3-4 Virginia/Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon’s Rebellion showed the colonists would not settle for being limited to the coast Colonial Gov. forms a militia to control Native Americans and opens up lands for further expansion

3-4 Carolinas 1663 Charles II forms a proprietary colony south of Virginia Gives the land to eight members of his court that helped him regain his crown Land named Carolina = “Charles Land” 1680 they establish the city of Charleston John Locke writes a constitution for the colonies or plan of government

3-4 Carolinas The plan of government did not work out accordingly and the colony later split into 2 North and South North – Grew tobacco and forest products such as timber and tar South – More prosperous thanks to fertile farmland and Charleston Harbor Eliza Lucas – developed and grew Indigo used to dye textiles “Blue Gold”

3-4 Carolinas/Slave Labor South Carolina settlers came mostly from Barbados where they used slaves to produce sugar Rice became a major crop in the Carolinas and required a great deal of labor to produce which caused the demand for slaves to increase 1729 colonists seize control of the colony from the proprietors

3-4 Georgia 1733 a group led by General James Oglethorpe receives a charter to form a colony where debtors, people that could not repay their debt, and poor people could make a fresh starts English government had other plans for Georgia. It was to serve as a buffer for the other colonies from Spanish colonies in Florida

3-4 New France Founded the colony of Quebec Concerned with fishing and fur trapping Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette explored the Mississippi River in search of the Pacific Ocean Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle followed the Mississippi all the way to the Gulf, claimed the area around the river for France, named it Louisiana Port of New Orleans became a huge center for trade

3-4 New Spain Settled in Mexico, Central America, Western US, and into Florida Spanish established Missions in California to convert Native Americans to Christianity Supported Native American rights