Homeland Defense Peter F. Verga Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense) pete.verga@osd.mil U.S. Department of Defense Purpose: DOD has a framework, process and criteria to review Support Requests.

Definitions Homeland Security – A concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism, and minimize the damage and assist in the recovery from terrorist attacks Homeland Defense – The protection of United States territory, domestic population, and critical defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression. It also includes routine, steady state activities designed to deter aggressors and to prepare US military forces for action if deterrence fails

Homeland Security Vision Homeland Security is a national activity best accomplished by: Domestic authorities performing domestic security Enhancing capabilities at the lowest level of government Balancing DoD’s ability to defend the nation while adapting to the new domestic security environment

DoD Pillars of Homeland Security Homeland Defense – The protection of U.S. sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression Civil Support – DoD support to civil authorities for domestic emergencies and for designated law enforcement and other activities Emergency Preparedness – Those planning activities undertaken to ensure DoD processes, procedures, and resources are in place to support the President and the Secretary of Defense in a designated National Security Emergency

Homeland Defense Operational Environment Low Low Relative Intensity High Defeat Combat Operations Relative Likelihood Prevent Maritime Interdiction Combat Air Patrols Deter ISR Force Protection Emergency Preparedness High Missions Sustaining Activities Peacetime Hostilities Low Relative Impact on other DoD Missions High

Circumstances for DoD Military Activity in the U.S. Extraordinary – Combat operations inside the U.S. Combat Air Defense Specialized Explosive Ordnance Disposal Emergency – Military support to civil authorities Consequence management for disasters, terrorist attacks, etc. Logistics, mobility, supply, etc. Temporary – Temporary support to civil authorities Special Events Training First Responders Support to Law Enforcement Routine – Traditional missions to deter, prevent or defeat threats Maritime Interdiction Air Defense Alert, Combat Air Patrols Force Protection

Homeland Defense Domestic Environment & Response Low Low Relative Consequences of Failure High Extraordinary Combat Operations within U.S. Surge to meet Crisis Relative Likelihood Emergency Post Event Management Logistics, Supply, Mobility Temporary Special Events Support to Law enforcement Training 1st Responders High Missions Sustaining Activities Civil Support Homeland Defense DoD Support DoD Lead Low Relative Impact on other DoD Missions High

Defense Activities in the U. S. UNCHARTED TERRITORY Extraordinary Emergency Temporary HD CS Optimization2 Mission Definition NSSE CT Forest Fires Hurricane Earthquake Chemical, Radiological Borders Quarantine Biological Nuclear Air/Sea/Land Defense Routine Situational Awareness Consequence Management3 Crisis Management3 Policy, Legal, and Funding Framework Homeland Defense Highlighted in the previous slide Policy, legal and Funding framework is different for this Combatant Commander 3 x Circuimstances and the different types of mission SAD T32 T10 State/Gov TAG/NGTF SAD T32 T10 Federal Disaster/LFA FEMA(DHS)/FCO DCO/NORTHCOM SJTF HQ/JTFs T10 National Emergency/DoD NORTHCOM/SJTF HQ/JTFs 1—Day-to-day activities which will be performed in the are not depicted here (i.e. cyber security, Force Protection, Critical Infrastructure Protection, etc.) 2—Optimization used here is the efficient planned utilization of DoD resources to support civil authorities and HD. 3 – Federal Response Plan definitions used here

Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense Major Functions The Organization will: Supervise the Homeland Defense Activities of the Department Develop Homeland Defense force employment policy and guidance Serve as principal point of contact for Department of Homeland Security Develop plans and policy to fulfill DoD’s role in Homeland Security Assist in building and improving Federal, State and local HLS response capabilities Supervise DoD preparedness activities to support civil authorities in domestic emergencies Plan, train and perform DoD domestic incident management Advocate Homeland Defense requirements within the Department’s resource allocation process Develop HLS guidance for DoD’s role in HLS Force Employment guidance for NORTHCOM Oversee DoD preparedness activities to support Civil Authorities Assist Civil Authorities in building capabiliteis Oversee DoD domestic inicident management Be an Advocate for HLS requirements in the DoD resource allocation process

U.S. Northern Command Mission Statement United States Northern Command conducts operations to deter, prevent, and defeat threats and aggression aimed at the United States, its territories and interests within assigned areas of responsibility; as directed by the President or Secretary of Defense, provides military assistance to civil authorities, including consequence management operations Area of Responsibility U.S., Canada, Mexico and the land, sea, and aerospace approaches

U.S. Northern Command Strategic Principles Provide command and control over assigned military operations within the Area of Responsibility Deter, prevent, and defeat threats and aggression against the U.S., its territories, possessions, and bases within the Area of Responsibility Provide military assistance to civil authorities when directed by the President or the Secretary of Defense Assure allies and friends by strengthening and expanding alliances and security relationships

Mission Areas Homeland Defense Civil Support Land Defense Maritime Defense Air Defense Military Assistance to Civil Authorities Military Support to Civil Authorities Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances National Security Special Events

U.S. Northern Command Area of Responsibility Integrated and Comprehensive Defense “Forward Regions” USNORTHCOM AOR “Forward Regions” Global interests Area of Interest is the Global Area of Influence “Homeland” Homeland defense requires seamless geographic and functional integration

U.S. Northern Command Area of Responsibility NORTHCOM’s Area of Responsibility (AOR) unique Principally due to inclusion of U.S. homeland within the AOR and heightened interest of domestic authorities in enhancing security Poses different political, operational, organizational, and communications challenges for a unified combatant commander Challenges will create increasing pressure for development of new relationships involving increased interaction with numerous federal, state, local, and non-government entities These relationships will transcend all aspects of NORTHCOM mission spectrum POLITICAL Heightened domestic U.S. interest within States Interagency interaction Operates when asked or when directed OPERATIONAL 54 States and Territories Legal constraints (i.e. federal and state laws) C2 of Total Force SA/Info Sharing/Intel ORGANIZATIONAL Will need to organize along functional rather than traditional lines Interagency under reorganization so support to LFA requirements may change COMMUNICATIONS No chain of communication est. with all players With State TAGs Disparate State methods Unique AOR Political – State and Local pressure Operational – National Guard State status Title 32 Command and Control Supporting LFA Communications No chain of communication established Increased interaction

Homeland Security Outreach Information Technology HLS Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration – Capstone DoD HLS Development Program DHS Connectivity Initiative – SIPRNET, JWICS, ASOC Contractor Support to DHS CIO – 2 Full Time Equivalents for Architecture Development Joint Interoperability Test Center and Defense Interoperable Communications Exercises Research and Development Combating Terrorism Technology Task Force Technical Support Working Group DoD Development Lab Consortium for HLS: CECOM, SPAWAR, ESC, MARCORSYSCOM MANPADS Countermeasures Initiative First Responders Disaster Management Information Services Technology Transfer for First Responders Initiative NY Metropolitan Transit Authority Tunnel Protection Project Education Naval Post Graduate School First Responders Masters Program NDU IRMC HLS One Week Course Defense Acquisition University

Homeland Security Support Relevant DoD Capabilities Counter-Terrorism Critical Infrastructure Protection Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection Cyber-Security Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and High Explosives Information Technology Research & Development Program & Budget Medical Force Planning: Active/Reserve/Guard Intelligence Warning Threat Assessment/Vulnerability Assessment Counter-Intelligence & Law Enforcement

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Technical Support Working Group The Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) is the U.S. national forum that identifies, prioritizes, and coordinates interagency and international research and development (R&D) requirements for combating terrorism. The TSWG rapidly develops technologies and equipment to meet the high-priority needs of the combating terrorism community, and addresses joint international operational requirements through cooperative R&D with major allies.

TSWG Mission & Objectives Mission: Conduct the National Interagency research and development program for Combating Terrorism through rapid research, development, and prototyping Objectives: Provide interagency forum to coordinate R&D requirements for combating terrorism Sponsor R&D not addressed by individual agencies Promote information transfer

TSWG Structure

First Responder Tool Kit Software program used to assess emergency management situations quickly and make decisions regarding protection of personnel, deployment of personnel and equipment, cross-jurisdictional and inter-agency communications, and a host of other actions necessary to respond quickly and effectively

Palmtop Emergency Action for Chemicals The Palmtop Emergency Action for Chemicals (PEAC) system developed by TSWG lists over 10,000 toxic chemicals, and includes 6 chemical warfare agents and 73 precursor chemicals with needed actions, information on PPE and respirators, and other decision support information. This capability was designed for use by Federal emergency and law enforcement officers, and all State and Local Fire, Law Enforcement, HAZMAT, Bomb Squad, and other emergency/public government services organizations who may be involved with responding to terrorists, HAZMAT incidents, or other chemical spill emergencies

Handheld Radiation Monitor The Hand Held Radiation Monitor (HRM) is a small, self contained gamma ray and thermal neutron radiation detector for use in the interdiction and location of nuclear materials. It was specifically designed to be easily used by trained security forces and emergency responders. The HRM is the size of a flashlight, and is intended to be hand held or worn on the operator's belt in a nylon holster provided with the unit.

Water Infrastructure Protection Technology In cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) has sponsored the development of two software programs that address water supplies and water source protection and consequence management.

Vehicle and Cargo Inspection System VACIS is a fixed system for non-invasive imaging of trucks, sea containers, and other vehicles which may contain contraband, mis-manifested cargo, explosives or weapons.

TSWG Website http://www.tswg.gov/tswg/home.htm

U.S. Northern Command’s Tiered Methodology Examples: Joint Force HQ- Homeland Security, Joint Task Force-Civil Support, Joint Task Force-6 Tier I Full Time Capabilities Required COCOM Examples: Alert Fighters Quick Reaction Forces Designated Alert C-130s WMD-Civil Support Teams Tier II Specialized Capabilities Required for Operations HABITUAL / ROTATIONAL Examples: General Purpose Forces: Infantry Brigades, Surface Combatants, Fighter Squadrons Tier III General Purpose Capabilities OPCON AS REQUIRED

Dual-Hat Components Deployable Joint Team Honolulu, HI PACOM Peterson AFB, CO Wash, DC USCG USNORTHCOM Joint Team Elmendorf, AK Alaska CMD Norfolk, VA CoS, CO Langley, VA Norfolk, VA Ft McPherson, GA ARNORTH (Cdr, FORSCOM) Norfolk, VA NAVNORTH (Cdr, FFC) Portsmouth, VA JFHQ HLS CMOC NORTHAF (Cdr, ACC) MARFOR NORTH (COMMARFOR LANT) USCG LANTAREA ANR/11AF (Cdr, CMOC) USCG PACAREA JFLCC JFMCC JFACC No currently assigned Forces 3 x Standing Joint HQs JTF CS JTF 6 CONR (1st AF) JTF JFACC COCOM OPCON OPCON As Required Coordinating Authority Coordination Supported/Supporting