The First Clothes

What were the early clothes of these civilizations:

Egypt:

Minoan

Greece Wrapping, draping & pinning rectangular pieces of fabric Chiton – 2 fabric rectangles joined at the shoulders – held in place with pins – folded to fall in pleats Himation – worn as a cloak Woolen first – then silk and linen – red, purple, yellow and blue

Roman Empire

Japan

Influences on Fashion

How did trade influence fashion? exchanged ideas & fabrics trade routes opened barter – trading without money – goods – fabrics

Politics & Power Kings/Queens – Royalty set the styles Fashion trends spread slowly Louis XIV – France – fashion leader Middle class emergence – royalty and wives lead fashion – Queen Victoria – full skirted dresses

Religion

Technology Uses scientific knowledge to develop something new

Industrial Revolution Rapid changes that resulted from the invention of power-driven machines Weave fabric & sew garments a hundred times faster than by hand Buy clothes from catalogs & stores Middle class businessmen wore darker colors & sturdier fabrics = working in new factories with dirty smoke

Factories 1790 = New England in US – Textile Mills – dark, noisy, dirty, unpleasant & overcrowded First women were hired to make garments at home from fabric created – then factories developed Sweatshops – worked in garment factories – dark, airless, uncomfortable & unhealthy Textile Mills in South – shipped to NE to garment factories Ready to Wear – Clothing made in advance for sale Men took off quickly – Factories created a new middle class First women – capes and shawls – women fashions changed quickly – more intricate sewing Shirtwaists factories – 1890 ’ s – easy to manufacture Led to growth in stores – 1850 ’ s first department store

Cellulose Main components of plants – cotton, flax – forcing through fine holes (silkworm) – produced long threadlike fibers 1910 – introduced in US 1924 – Rayon – 1 st Synthetic fiber ( artificial silk)

Cotton Gin:

Spinning Mule produces as much yarn as 200 hand spinners

1845 – Elias Howe – 1889 – singer added motor (during Industrial Revolution) home sewing

Paper Pattern Ebenezer Butterick – used to make shirts – 1865 – sold by mail 1870 James McCall – drafted patterns – manufactured