New Cities, New Laws Cities grew during 19 th century  Machines made farm work easier (less jobs) and made new jobs in the city (factories)  ex. London between grew from 960,000 → 6,500,500 Most “urban” (city) migrants were lower class  New laws addressed their concerns City govs. created Boards of Health- Buildings inspected for health hazards Clean water and sewage systems (hot water on the regular)

Industrial disaster... Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, March 25, 1911, New York City 146 dead 14 years old – 46 years old Doors of factory locked to prevent workers from taking breaks or stealing a shirtwaist... "What the hell did they close the door for? What did the think we were going out with? What are we gonna do, steal a shirtwaist? Who the heck wanted a shirtwaist?"-Pauline Cuoio Pepe a nineteen-year-old sewing machine operator

"Thud -- dead; thud -- dead; thud -- dead; thud -- dead. Sixty- two thud -- deads. I call them that, because the sound and the thought of death came to me each time, at the same instant," United Press reporter William Shephard

Women's Rights Feminism- the movement for women's rights  Began during the enlightenment- arguing for women's right to education and other topics  Modern feminism began with fight to own property  Also to go to the same universities and have the same jobs as men Women like Florence Nightengale and Clara Barton transfromed nursing into a respected profession of trained”women in white”

Suffragist City! Women also fought for the right to vote and other issues of political equality Emmeline Pankhurst, 1903  Founded the “Women's Social and Political Union”  Members chained themselves to lamposts, hit politicians with eggs, smashed windows of department stores  Male dominated governments didn't give in until after World War 1

Universal Education pp. 627  What was the point/purpose of Universal education?  What did it have to do with the Industrial Revolution?  What did it have to do with citizenship and democracy?