Warm Up 10/24/14 1. What was missing from the constitution that the Anti-Federalist wanted added in order to protect liberty? 2.Explain the purpose of the Federalist Papers?

Chapter 3: The Constitution

Chapter 3 Section 1 Six Basic Principles

The 6 Basic Principles of US Democracy ► Popular Sovereignty  Power held by citizens. ► Limited Government  Gov. never above the law  Constitutionalism: Gov. must follow Constitutional guidelines

► Separation of Powers  Gov. power is divided to protect liberty ► Article I – Legislative Powers ► Article II – Executive Powers ► Article III – Judicial Powers ► Checks & Balances  Each branch of gov. can be restrained (checked) by other branches

► Federalism  Power is divided between the states & the federal gov. ► Judicial Review  Power to interpret the constitutionality of a law or gov. action  If a law or action goes against the Constitution it is declared unconstitutional & the law is removed

8/24/11 1. The principle that favors a national gov. with three independent branches is called A.Separation of powers B.Federalism C.Formal amendment D.executive action 2. Which of the following is an example of checks and balances? A.The U.S Supreme Court declares that a law is unconstitutional. B.Power is divided between the Federal Government and the States. C.The Senate observes senatorial courtesy. D.Congress passes a law.

Ch. 3 Sec. 2 Formal Amendment

Changing the Constitution Formal Amendment  Changing the Constitution Method 1 ► An Amendment may be proposed by a 2/3 vote in each House of Congress. ► And ratified by a 3/4 vote of State Legislatures. Method 2 ► An Amendment may be proposed by a 2/3 vote ► Ratified by Conventions ¾ vote

Changing the Constitution Method 3 ► An Amendment may be proposed by a national convention (called by 2/3 of the State Legislatures) ► It must be ratified by ¾ of the state legislatures Method 4 ► Amendment may be proposed by a national convention & ratified by ¾ of the states through convention.

27 Amendments ► The Bill of Rights  First ten amendments to the Constitution  Set out guarantees of freedom  Anti-Federalists wouldn’t ratify constitution without them.

We are going to propose and ratify an amendment ► Discuss Amendment  Pros vs. Cons ► Using Method 1  Proposed by 2/3 vote in Congress  Ratified by ¾ of state legislatures

10/27/14 What is a formal amendment? How many amendments are there, and what are the first 10 amendments called?

Ch. 3 Sec. 3 Constitutional Change by Other Means

Informal Amendment  Changing the meaning of the Constitution without changing the wording. Basic Legislation ► Laws passed to explain several of the Constitution’s provisions. ► Explain sections of Constitution in greater detail than the Framers did.

Constitutional Change by Other Means cont. Executive Actions ► Use of executive power to extend the Constitution. ► Executive Agreement- Pact made by the President directly with the head of a foreign state. ► Treaty – Formal agreement between two or more sovereign states.

Constitutional Change by Other Means cont. Court Decisions ► Supreme Court uses Judicial Review. Party Practices ► Political parties have shaped politics by their actions. ► Custom  The Constitution did not clearly lay-out rules for every aspect of government, so customs have developed.