U.S. Constitution Test Review

Constitution Outline  Preamble: Introduction to the Constitution-States the Purpose  Article One: Legislative Branch  Purpose: Make Laws  Alternate Name: Congress  Article Two: Executive Branch  Purpose: Enforce Laws  Alternate Name: President  Article Three: Judicial Branch  Purpose: Interpret Laws  Alternate Name: Supreme Court

Constitution Outline  Article Four: Relations with States  Article Five: Amendment Process  Article Six: National Supremacy  Article Seven: Ratification  Amendments: Changes/Additions to the Constitution  How Many?: 27  First Ten are called: Bill of Rights

Article One-Legislative- Purpose: Make Laws  Purpose: Make Laws  Structure: Bicameral

House of Representatives  Members: 435  Term: 2 Years  Head Title: Speaker of the House  Plan: New Jersey Plan  Qualifications: 25 years old -citizen of US for 7 Years -Live in the State you Represent  Special Powers: Propose all money laws -Impeach a federal official  # Per State: Depends on Population

Senate  Members: 100  Term: 6 Years  Head Title: President of the Senate * AKA-Vice President Power: Break Ties  2 nd Head: President Pro Tempore  # Per State  Plan: Virginia Plan  Qualifications: 30 years old  -citizen of US for 9 years  -Live in state you represent  Special Powers: Approve Federal Appointments -Ratify Treaties -Try Impeached Officials Filibuster: prolonged speech to block legislation

WHAT CAN CONGRESS DO??  FINANCIALLY:  Create and Collect Taxes  Borrow Money  Regulate Foreign Trade  Coin Money  NON-FINANCIALLY:  Admit New States  Declare War  Establish and Army/Navy  Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)- ability to make laws necessary to carry out Congress’ duties (EX. NASA)

ARTICLE TWO: EXECUTIVE BRANCH  Purpose: Enforce Laws  Title of the Chief Executive: President of the United States  Term: 4 Years  Term Limit: 2 Terms  Elected by the Electoral College/ By Majority Vote  Must take an oath before taking office

ARTICLE TWO: EXECUTIVE BRANCH  Qualifications:  At Least 35 years old  A natural-born citizen of the US  A resident of the US for at least 14 years  Alternate Titles: chief of state, (2) chief executive, (3) chief administrator, (4) chief diplomat, (5) commander in chief, (6) chief legislator, (7) party chief, and (8) chief citizen.  Powers: Command of military, Pardons, Treaties, Appointments

ARTICLE TWO: EXECUTIVE BRANCH  Line of Succession: 1. Vice President 2. Speaker of the House 3. President pro tempore of the Senate 4. Secretary of State  Legislative Duty of the Vice President: Vote to Break Ties in the Senate

ARTICLE THREE: JUDICIAL BRANCH  Purpose: Interpret Laws  Highest Court: Supreme Court  # of Members: 9  Term of Office: Life or Good Behavior  Name of Judges on Supreme Court: Justice  Head of Judicial Branch: Chief Justice  Qualifications to be Judge or Justice: NO QUALIFICATIONS SPECIFIED IN CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE THREE: JUDICIAL BRANCH  How can they be removed: By an impeachment trial  Creation of Lower Courts: Established by Congress  Hierarchy of Courts- 1. Supreme Court 2. Appellate Court (Appeals) 3. District Court  Types of Federal Cases  Types of Federal Cases: 1. Constitution Case 2. Violation of Federal Law 3. Between States 4. Parties from Different States 5. Suing Federal Government 6. Suing a Foreign Government

ARTICLE THREE: JUDICIAL BRANCH  Original Jurisdiction: power to hear a case for 1 st time  Appellate Jurisdiction: power to review a lower courts decision  Treason: Crime of betraying one’s country  Judicial Review: power to review if a law or gov. action is constitutional  Court Case that Established Judicial Review: Marbury v. Madison

BILL OF RIGHTS- 1 ST AMENDMENT 1. Freedom of Speech 2. Freedom of Religion 3. Freedom of the Press 4. Freedom of Assembly 5. Freedom of Petition

BILL OF RIGHTS  2 nd Amendment: Right to Bear Arms  3 rd Amendment: No Quartering Troops  4 th Amendment 1. NO Illegal Search and Seizure 2. Must show probable cause

BILL OF RIGHTS- 5 th AMENDMENT 1. No Double Jeopardy 2. No self-incrimination (I plead the 5 th !) 3. Due Process 4. Right to Grand Jury Screening 5. Compensation for Eminent Domain

BILL OF RIGHTS- 6th AMENDMENT 1. Speedy and Public Trial 2. Trial by Impartial Jury 3. To be informed of charges 4. To confront witnesses 5. Right to an attorney

BILL OF RIGHTS  7 TH Amendment: Right to a jury trial in federal civil cases  8 th Amendment: 1. No excessive bail 2. No cruel and unusual punishment  9 th Amendment: Protects rights not explicitly stated in the Constitution  10 th Amendment: Powers not given to the US are reserved to the States

Other Amendments  11 th : States immune from out of state lawsuits  12 th : Revises Presidential Election Process  13 th : Abolishes Slavery  14 th : Defines Citizenship (Former Slaves given rights of citizens)  15 th : Right to Vote for Slaves  16 th : Income Tax  17 th : Senators Elected by popular vote  18 th : Prohibit the manufacturing or sale of alcohol

Other Amendments  19 th : Women gain right to vote  20 th : Changes Term Start Dates for President and Congress  21 st : Repeals 18 th Amendment (Alcohol Legal Again)  22 nd : Presidential Term Limits  23 rd : Washington D.C. gains electoral college votes  24 th : Prohibits Poll Tax  25 th : Presidential Succession  26 th : 18 year olds gain right to vote  27 th : Congressional Salary Delay

Other Concepts covered in Test Checks and Balances  The System of safeguards in the Constitution that prevents one branch of gov. from becoming stronger than the others Bill of Rights  The first ten amendments added to protect people from the federal government

Other Concepts covered in Test Expressed Powers  Those powers explicitly written in the Constitution Reserved Powers  Powers left to the states

Other Concepts covered in Test Veto  When the president refuses to sign a bill into a law Impeachment  The process of trying a federal official with the intent to remove them from office