SSWG6 The student will describe the interaction of physical and human systems that have shaped contemporary Europe. a. Describe the location of major physical features and their impact on Europe. b. Describe the major climates of Europe and how they have affected Europe. c. Analyze the importance of Europe’s coastal location, climatic characteristics, and river systems regarding population, economic development, and world influence. d. Describe the various ethnic and religious groups in Europe and the influence of geography on those groups and their major customs and traditions. e. Explain why Europe has a highly integrated network of highways, waterways, railroads, and airline linkages. f. Analyze the impact of geography on Russia in terms of population distribution, trade, and involvement in European affairs. g. Analyze the environmental issues associated with industrial and natural resource development in Europe, including Russia.

Europe Regions Western Europe Central Western Europe Mediter-ranean Europe

Western Europe History factoids Renaissance, “rebirth”, of classical Greek art and ideas – still influences us today – 1400’s A.D. *return to realism, or lifelike art invented by the ancient Greeks *use of perspective

Leonardo da Vinci

History cont… Industrial Revolution – use of machines in manufacturing *started in England in early 1800’s *spread to rest of Europe *happened there 50 years before the United States

Industrial Rev. cont… *First machines *Crowded cities History cont. WWI and WWII – 1910’s and 1940’s – created powerful political alliances between America, Great Britain, France, and Germany

Physical Characteristics The Gulf Stream, pushed by prevailing westerlies, keeps Western Europe warm Europe is dominated by three major ecosystems Chapparal Mid-latitude Deciduous Mixed forest Europe is dominated by three major climates Humid Oceanic Humid Continental Subtropical

Physical Characteristics cont Ural Mts. – natural boundary between Europe and Asia Alps Span from France to Italy Carpathian Mts. are in the Balkans

Cultural Characteristics Most Europeans are Christian Roman Catholic – West Europe and Mediterranean Eastern Orthodox and Greek Orthodox – Central Europe Muslim – Balkans in Central Europe The largest minority group is Muslim ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN PROTESTANT CHRISTIAN CATHOLIC CHRISTIAN MUSLIM

Cultural Characteristics cont. Most Europeans speak Indo-European languages The language comes from ancient Aryans who travelled from the Indian subcontinent to Europe Western Europe speaks a Latin based language The language of the ancient Romans that turned into French, Italian, and Portuguese Indo-European ( Aryans) Slavic Languages Latin Greek German Phoenician Italian French Spanish Portuguese English

European Union 27 countries Turkey wants to be a member Monetary Unit= Euro Can be used to make purchases in all member countries Membership Requirements: have a stable democracy respect human rights and “rule of law,” have a functioning market economy capable of competition within the EU

ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN CATHOLIC CHRISTIAN PROTESTANT CHRISTIAN MUSLIM

Western Europe – Human Geography – pp. 296-297 What are the main languages of Western Europe? Why do you think the people in one geographical area speak similar languages? Where do most Eastern Europeans live? How are historic elements preserved in European cities? T or F: Europe is ethnically diverse.

Western Europe – Physical Geography – pg. 290-295 Pp. 290-291 What are the two highest mountain ranges in Eastern Europe? What major rivers connect bodies of water to the European interior? What are some words you would use to describe the coastline? Pp. 292-293 What geographic feature keeps Europe’s climate warm? What is the Mediterranean climate like? What part of Europe has a subarctic climate? Pp. 294-295 What area of Europe has deciduous forests? Where are there chaparral ecosystems?

Western Europe – Economic Geography – pp. 298-299 What are Europe’s primary renewable resources? What are Europe’s primary non-renewable resources? What is the greatest land use? What two countries contain the major centers of manufacturing and trade?

Video Geography of Europe and Russia 5:44 Europe United Video – soccer – 2:22 Germany, Russia, Hungary, Italy, Greece

Central Western Europe Eastern Europe - Chapter 14 Western Europe - Chapter 18

Chagos Residents Not Allowed to Return B B C Egypt Credit Crunch India Launches Rocket America Credit Crunch Chagos Residents Not Allowed to Return MAP of Chagos

Eastern Europe – Historical Factoids – pp. 372-373 Eastern Europe is characterized by communism Ethnic groups include Slavic and Germanic peoples

B B C World Markets

Eastern Europe – Physical Geography – pp. 374 - 379 What mountain range separates Asia from Europe? What are the highest mountain ranges in Eastern Europe? What major rivers connect bodies of water to the Eastern European interior? What are some words you would use to major ecosystem of Eastern European countries? What are the 3 major ecosystems of Eastern European countries? What type of climate and ecosystem cover most of Russia? What is Eurasia? What part of Eastern Europe has a subarctic climate? What area of Europe has deciduous forests? Where are there chaparral ecosystems?

Eastern Europe – Human and Economic Geography – pp. 380 - 383 Where are the highest concentrations of people? What two types of Christianity are most Eastern Europeans? What is the largest land use in Eastern European countries? What is the single largest non-renewable resource in Eastern Europe?