Music in the Middle Ages

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Presentation transcript:

Music in the Middle Ages 450-1450 A.D.

Socially Towns are growing Social classes Nobility Peasants Clergy

Music Found only in the church Women were not allowed to sing except in convents Hardly any instrumental pieces Organ was most popular instrument

Gregorian Chant Official music of the Roman Catholic church Music in Latin No exact rhythm Named after Pope Gregory I Music passed on through oral tradition Composers mostly unknown Alleluia: Vidimus stellam (We Have Seen His Star) O successores (You successors) – Hildegard von Bingen

Secular Music 12th and 13th centuries (starting 1100’s) Troubadours Minstrels Estampie Music example

Polyphony Polyphony – two melodies simultaneously Started around 700-900 A.D. Was taught at the School of Notre Dame in Paris Leonin Perotin Alleluia: Nativitas (The Birth) Composers develop the first rhythmic notation system

14th Century (1300’s) Bubonic plague killed 25% of Europe’s population Authority of the church is diminishing Secular music becoming more popular Music notation system being used New instruments Sackbut (early trombone) Shawm (early oboe)

Famous Composers Francesco Landini (?-1397) Italian Blind Organist Poet Scholar Invented the bandura Guillaume Machaut (1300-1377) French Priest Court official for royal families Poet/musician Best known composition: Notre Dame Mass

Mass Ordinary Sung in church on a daily basis In Latin Consists of five prayers Kyrie Gloria Credo Sanctus Agnus Dei Added instruments and polyphony to the mass ordinary starting in the 1300’s