Kashif Bashir Chapter 7 Transmission Media

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.1 Transmission medium and physical layer

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media

Kashif Bashir Guided Media Twisted-Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.3 Twisted-pair cable

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.4 UTP and STP

Kashif Bashir Table 7.1 Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables CategoryBandwidthData RateDigital/AnalogUse 1very low< 100 kbpsAnalogTelephone 2 < 2 MHz2 MbpsAnalog/digitalT-1 lines 3 16 MHz 10 MbpsDigitalLANs 4 20 MHz 20 MbpsDigitalLANs MHz 100 MbpsDigitalLANs 6 (draft) 200 MHz 200 MbpsDigitalLANs 7 (draft) 600 MHz 600 MbpsDigitalLANs

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.5 UTP connector

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.6 UTP performance

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.7 Coaxial cable

Kashif Bashir Table 7.2 Categories of coaxial cables CategoryImpedanceUse RG  Cable TV RG  Thin Ethernet RG  Thick Ethernet

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.8 BNC connectors

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.9 Coaxial cable performance

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.10 Bending of light ray

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.11 Optical fiber

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.12 Propagation modes

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.13 Modes

Kashif Bashir Table 7.3 Fiber types TypeCoreCladdingMode 50/ Multimode, graded-index 62.5/ Multimode, graded-index 100/ Multimode, graded-index 7/ Single-mode

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.14 Fiber construction

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.15 Fiber-optic cable connectors

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.16 Optical fiber performance

Kashif Bashir Unguided Media: Wireless Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.17 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.18 Propagation methods

Kashif Bashir Table 7.4 Bands BandRangePropagationApplication VLF3–30 KHzGroundLong-range radio navigation LF30–300 KHzGround Radio beacons and navigational locators MF300 KHz–3 MHzSkyAM radio HF3–30 MHzSky Citizens band (CB), ship/aircraft communication VHF30–300 MHz Sky and line-of-sight VHF TV, FM radio UHF300 MHz–3 GHzLine-of-sight UHF TV, cellular phones, paging, satellite SHF3–30 GHzLine-of-sightSatellite communication EHF30–300 GHzLine-of-sightLong-range radio navigation

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.19 Wireless transmission waves

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.20 Omnidirectional antennas

Kashif Bashir Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio and television, and paging systems. Note:

Kashif Bashir Figure 7.21 Unidirectional antennas

Kashif Bashir Microwaves are used for unicast communication such as cellular telephones, satellite networks, and wireless LANs. Note:

Kashif Bashir Infrared signals can be used for short- range communication in a closed area using line-of-sight propagation. Note: