World History/Cultures Chapter 21- The Cold War Section 1- East West Split

 Cold War- a state of hostility without fighting between USSR & USA.  United Nations Replaced League of Nations Replaced League of Nations Formed to maintain world peace Formed to maintain world peace Could not resolve problems between USSR & USA Could not resolve problems between USSR & USA Composed of many nations Composed of many nations

 Iron Curtain Political barrier that separated Communist Eastern Europe from non- Communist Western Europe. Political barrier that separated Communist Eastern Europe from non- Communist Western Europe.

 War Recovery Plan for Europe Marshall Plan Marshall Plan billion aid from USA13 billion aid from USA USSR refused to participate, against capitalismUSSR refused to participate, against capitalism By 1951 Europe was prosperingBy 1951 Europe was prospering European Common Market European Common Market Trade barriers & tariffs removed between countriesTrade barriers & tariffs removed between countries Trade increased and living conditions improved.Trade increased and living conditions improved.

 Causes of the Cold War USSR took control of Eastern European countries...became Soviet Satellites. USSR took control of Eastern European countries...became Soviet Satellites. USA policy of "containment" to stop the spread of Communism. USA policy of "containment" to stop the spread of Communism. New Alliances New Alliances

 Causes of the Cold War con’t NATO- USA, Britain, France NATO- USA, Britain, France Warsaw Pact- USSR and satellite countriesWarsaw Pact- USSR and satellite countries Arms Race - competition between USSR and USA to build military & nuclear weapons.Arms Race - competition between USSR and USA to build military & nuclear weapons. Truman Doctrine- USA promised to give military aid to nation threatened by Communism. Truman Doctrine- USA promised to give military aid to nation threatened by Communism.

 MAJOR EVENTS OF COLD WAR Berlin BlockadeBerlin Blockade Berlin WallBerlin Wall Korean WarKorean War Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis Vietnam WarVietnam War Space RaceSpace Race

Titoism and Kennan’s Reaction Early 1948, with Josip Broz Tito in Yugoslavia and potentially Mao in China breaking with Moscow (Russia), the US State Department (Acheson) and the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan) saw this as an opportunity to exploit— “attempt to detach it [China] from subservience to Moscow.” Early 1948, with Josip Broz Tito in Yugoslavia and potentially Mao in China breaking with Moscow (Russia), the US State Department (Acheson) and the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan) saw this as an opportunity to exploit— “attempt to detach it [China] from subservience to Moscow.” Kennan also as part of strategy to build self-confident centers of power along Russia’s periphery with nationalist forces in each country. Kennan also as part of strategy to build self-confident centers of power along Russia’s periphery with nationalist forces in each country.

BERLIN BLOCKADE  June 1948 Cause: Soviets tried to block formation of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). Tried to stop development of another capitalistic country. Cause: Soviets tried to block formation of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). Tried to stop development of another capitalistic country. Event: Soviets blocked land access to West Berlin so no supplies could reach West Berliners. Supplies lifted in for 11 months. Blockade lifted May Event: Soviets blocked land access to West Berlin so no supplies could reach West Berliners. Supplies lifted in for 11 months. Blockade lifted May Result: Germany divided into two separate countries. Cold War tensions grew. Result: Germany divided into two separate countries. Cold War tensions grew.

 BERLIN WALL - August 1961 Cause - People of East Berlin fleeing to West Berlin to escape Communism. Cause - People of East Berlin fleeing to West Berlin to escape Communism. Event - 26 mile wall built dividing the city. Event - 26 mile wall built dividing the city. Result - Wall became a symbol of Cold War. Result - Wall became a symbol of Cold War.

 KOREAN WAR Cause - Effort to stop Communism from spreading into South Korea. Cause - Effort to stop Communism from spreading into South Korea. Event invasion of South Korea by North Korea. UN sent mainly USA soldiers to defend South Korea. Event invasion of South Korea by North Korea. UN sent mainly USA soldiers to defend South Korea. Result truce was called, but South Korea taken over by Communists. Result truce was called, but South Korea taken over by Communists.

 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS 1962Cause - Soviets secretly began installing missiles in Cuba. Event - USA had missiles in Turkey aimed at USSR. Soviets wanted promise that USA would not overthrow Castro. Pres. Kennedy blockaded Cuba and Soviets removed missiles. Result - Soviets and USA recognized need for better relationship.

 VIETNAM WAR  Cause - "Domino Theory" If one Southeast Asian country falls to Communism; all will fall.  Event first ground troops arrive US forces at 500,000. Tet Offensive, turning point, US realizes they can’t defeat Viet Cong Communists US withdraws.  Result - Communism spreads into South Vietnam.

 SPACE RACE Cause - Competition between US and Soviets over reaching into space. Cause - Competition between US and Soviets over reaching into space. Events - Soviets the first to put up a spacecraft in US first to land on the moon. Events - Soviets the first to put up a spacecraft in US first to land on the moon. Result - US put a lot of money into space exploration. Now we work on joint projects with Russians. Result - US put a lot of money into space exploration. Now we work on joint projects with Russians.

 Worldwide Struggle Soviets exploded 1st atomic bomb Soviets exploded 1st atomic bomb Korean Conflict Korean Conflict Berlin Wall Berlin Wall 1960’s- Vietnam War 1960’s- Vietnam War Weapons used in Cold War Weapons used in Cold War PropagandaPropaganda ForceForce Threat of forceThreat of force