Where we left off… Hitler’s youth: Surviving Child, attended Vienna school to become an artist Served in WWI as a communication runner and was injured twice Hitler blamed everyone but Germany for losing the war, thought it was a political scheme He became fascinated with Nationalism and anti- Jewish philosophies He joined the party, takes leadership, creates the NAZI party, and stages a coup in 1923 – Beer Hall Putsch

Where we left off Fails, get’s arrested and writes a book in jail: Mein Kampf which becomes a national best seller Gains a lot of popularity and is appointed chancellor in 1933 In 1935, the president dies and he becomes the Fuhrer He Stops elections, takes absolute power of Germany

Make sense up until now?

Discussion: Groups 1) What was the Treaty of Versailles? What happened to Germany? 2) What is the National Socialism Worker’s party, why were they formed? What did they want? 3) List a few of Hitler’s belief. Are they the same as those from members of the National Socialism Worker’s party? 4) How did he take power?

THE FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS The Rise of Dictators

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DID YOU RECOGNIZE ANYONE?

The Birth of the League of nations Originally proposed by the United States at the end of WWI (Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points) Designed to be a place to discuss international conflict and ensure peace through mutual defense Flawed from beginning - USA didn’t join - Soviet Union and Germany were not allowed in - The Spirit of Locarno (avoid war at all costs) The League was just the will of England and France (both withdrew from aggressive foreign policy after the war)

What is totalitarianism? Think, pair, share

Totalitarianism -A term used by some political scientists to describe a political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possiblepolitical scientistspolitical systemstateauthority -First developed in a positive sense in the 1920s by the Weimar German jurist

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REGIMES Totalitarianism (Extreme, total power) Democracy CharismaHighMedium Role conceptionLeader as functionLeader for the people Ends of powerPublicPrivate Corruption Low (no need, no tolerance) High Official ideologyideologyYesNo- Not as it seems pluralismNo Yes- Liberal, conservative, green party, etc. Legitimacy Yes (because they make it so) Yes

Dictator; what is it? Name me a few qualities of a Dictator: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Dictators Well Usually… They are quite intelligent (Sometimes) They are power Hungry Charismatic They take power during Crisis They promise a better Future They are patriots- Proud They rage RAGE WAR They terrorize

OUR FIRST TOTALITARIAN REGIME What country is this?

Imperial Japan In the 1930’s, Japan’s government was lead by the Military Driven by their lack of natural resources and their dependence on foreign trade (especially with the USA), Japan attempted to expand its empire into Asia

SO.. In 1932, Japan conquers Manchuria (North of China) In 1937, Japan attacks China

Nice? **** no The Japanese were not very kind (like most totalitarian regimes)

Japanese Atrocities The Japanese Imperial Army was extremely brutal in their treatment of the enemy They routinely killed prisoners of war, murdered civilians, kidnapped girls to be used as “comfort women,” and used chemical and biological weapons against defenseless people The world was outraged but the League of Nations did nothing to stop them

OUR NEXT DICTATOR IS

Fascist Italy Benito Mussolini, a former newspaper editor, comes to power in Italy after the “March on Rome” in 1922 He is riding the people’s anger over Italy’s treatment at the treaty of Versailles, crushing poverty and a failing Italian government Mussolini creates fascism – a combination of dictatorship (one person in charge), nationalism, imperialism, militarism with work creation schemes and social programs to provide for the people Mussolini become wildly popular and served as a model for Hitler and other dictators

Basically Fascism: the country is considered more important than any one person, group, liberty, or provision. Their race is the master race One leader They support labor Unions (in theory) They allow private economy but they control it Created because they thought democracy was weak.

What does the symbol mean? A Fasces This is an ancient Imperial Roman symbol of power carried by lectors in front of magistrates; a bundle of sticks featuring an axe, indicating the power over life and deathImperial Romanlectorsmagistratesaxelifedeath The image has survived as a representation of magisterial power

Like most dictators, Mussolini grew power hungry, so he… A)Steps down from power B)Invades other countries

Italy invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia) As part of his idea to “rebuild the Roman Empire” Mussolini invades Ethiopia (the last free African State) The Ethiopians have few advanced weapons but effectively fight a guerilla style war The Italians became frustrated with the lack of progress and decided to force Ethiopia’s surrender by attacking civilians Hundreds of thousands are killed as the Italians bomb and shell innocent people in their homes Again, the world is outraged but nothing is done to stop the horror

DO YOU SEE THE PATERN? HITLER AND MOUSSOLINI APPEAL TO THE PUBLIC BECAUSE? DISCUSS Think of the WAVE

NEXT UP: Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin comes to power in the Soviet Union (formerly Russia) Perhaps the most brutal dictator in history Starves to death, imprisons and executes millions of his own people

And finally: Francisco Franco & Spanish Civil War Francisco Franco, Spanish General, invades Spain from Morocco A civil war starts between Franco’s supporters and the rest of Spain Italy and German sent troops and weapons to help Franco Franco seizes power in 1939

REMEMBER THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS IS NOT DOING A DAMN THING

In Summary Dictators (Franco, Mussolini, Hitler etc.) rise from poverty and discontent They use brutal methods at home and against other nations The League of Nations does not have the strength or will power to stop them Since these dictators are not stopped, they only become more bold and aggressive The failure of the League of Nations to act created a situation where dictators eventually gained so much power that it took a full scale war to stop them

Today

What about the U.S

TOP 10 DICTATORS