World History Chapter Six Section Three

Peoples of North America Lived by hunting and gathering Farming spreads north from Mesoamerica to North America Hohokam – farmed in the desert between the Salt and Gila rivers Created irrigation system of canals to bring water to fields Built temple mounds and ball courts similar to those in Mesoamerica

Anasazi Lived in four corners region of the U.S. Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah Built housing in the side of cliffs Mesa Verde – in Colorado – had 200 rooms and used ladders to reach the fields above and canyon floors below Built pueblos – free standing houses that were several levels high, connected by doorways and ladders

Pueblo Bonito Largest Anasazi freestanding adobe building 800 rooms, 3000 people, five stories high Plaza was in the center of bldg. – in the middle they dug their kiva – underground chamber built for religious rituals Droughts and war weakened the Pueblo Descendents still live in the SW today

Eastern Adena and Hopewell – built large mounds of earth – some were burial sites, others were platforms for temples, defensive walls Cone shaped, oval, animal shaped Traded with other peoples – conch from the gulf, grizzly bear teeth and obsidian from the Rocky mountains, copper from the Great Lakes

Cahokia The Mississippians built large earth works in the SE Cahokia was their greatest center in present day Illinois housed 20,000 people 120 large mounds with houses on them Natchez – carried on the Mississippians legacy – known for their worship of the sun Their ruler, the Great Sun, absolute power Ruler and family lived on the largest mound and society was divided into castes, Top = suns

Inuit Inuit = Eskimo Lived in small groups, hunted, fished, Used them for food, tools, clothes, oil Used kayaks, dog sleds Built ice homes – igloos or sod houses that were partially underground

Northwest People in the Northwest had plenty of natural resources Rivers had salmon, Pacific ocean had fish and mammals Deer, wolves, bears Made homes of wood Traded surplus and held a potlatch – in which a high member of society gave gifts to large amounts of people

Iroquois Northeast – NY Many bands of Indians that all spoke the same language Cleared land, women farmed, men hunted and fought wars Iroquois league founded by Dekanawidah Alliance between five Iroquois nations, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca – known as five nations

Iroquois League Did not always keep peace even though that was its purpose Best organized political group north of Mexico Nations governed their own villages but they met to discuss large issues Only men on the council Each tribe had a “clan mother” who could name or remove a council member Iroquois league emerged when the Europeans came