Roosevelt’s 2 nd Term and the beginnings of WWII

Key Terms / Main Ideas FDR wins a 2 nd term but is limited in new reforms. Meanwhile, events around the globe hint at spreading global conflict Benito Mussolini / Fascism Vladimir Lenin & Joseph Stalin Adolf Hitler / NAZI / Mein Kampf / der Fuhrer Manchuria Nye Committee Neutrality Acts 1935 & 1937 Spanish Civil War / Gen Franco / Lincoln Brigade Internationalism

The Seeds of WWII Italy - Benito Mussolini WWI soldier, teacher, journalist Italy needed a strong leader 1919 establishes Fascist Party Aggressive Nationalism Anti-Communist Needs of nation outweigh individual needs Expand territory / build-up military Dictatorship necessary 1922 Mussolini marches on Rome (Black Shirts) Restore glory of Roman Empire Govt urges challenge – King refuses Mussolini made Premier Destroys democracy – Industrialists, Landowners, Catholic Church

The Seeds of WWII Russia – Lenin & Stalin Valdimir Lenin Revolt of 1917 One Party Rule Joseph Stalin Replaces Lenin in 1924 Industrializes “purges” 8-10 MM peasants Communism Only political party Suppressed individual liberties Punish opponents

The Seeds of WWII Germany – Adolf Hitler Anti-communist - admired Mussolini Hatred for Versailles Treaty of WWI National Socialist German Workers = NAZI party 1923 try to seize power Munich Beer Hall putsch Hitler arrested – jailed Writes Mein-Kampf (My Struggles) Germans must be unified Blue-eyed, blond = Aryan Super-race Need more land – Poland & Russia Racist – Slavs and Jews

The Seeds of WWII Germany 1932 NAZI party is 3 rd largest in Germany 1933 Hitler appointed Prime Minister Calls for new elections Hitler given Dictatorial powers by NAZI dominated govt Hitler made President in 1934 Da Fuhrer = The Leader Re-arms Violates Versailles Treaty

The Seeds of WWII Japan Island nation – so what? Suffered economically during Depression Military dominated politics 9/31 invaded Manchuria - “resource rich” Military takes control of civilian government

American Neutrality 1934 European nations fail to repay WWI loans Senator Nye investigates Arms Manufacturers Concludes they “trick” US into WWI Tremendous profits Americans turn to Isolationism Neutrality Act of 1935 Keep US out of next war Illegal to sell arms to any country at war

Forming the Axis Spanish Civil War 1936 – Communists & Socialists elected Russia supports new government Germany & Italy support Spanish Fascists USA remains neutral Japan aligns with Germany & Italy (Axis Powers) Neutrality Act 1937 Buy non-military goods – Cash & Carry (own ships) – Why? Lincoln Brigade

What is FDR to do???? Great Depression issue 1 st priority Internationalism vs Isolationism Trade creates prosperity & prevents war July 1937 Japan invades China FDR claims Neutrality Act 1937 does not apply War was not declared by Japan or China USA sells weapons to China Roosevelt fears USA cannot escape war through Isolationism or Neutrality….