The End of WWII LESSON 4.8

KNIGHT’S CHARGE What is a genocide? What were the 4 “stages” of the Holocaust? Name 3 ways that discrimination was written into Nazi law. What was the difference between a concentration camp and a death camp?

WEIRD DISNEY FACT OF THE DAY!

THE AXIS POWERS ARE WINNING Germany invaded and CONQUERED France…The Allies have now lost a teammate. The AXIS is now controlling all of the moves in WWII.

ALL OUT WAR By this point, all of the countries involved have committed themselves to a Total War. Governments begin increasing their power by: Controlling the amount and flow of money by selling bonds. Rationing food and other goods Limiting the freedoms of certain groups of people (Germany-Jews, USA-Japanese, etc.)

WOMEN HELP WIN THE WAR While the men went off to fight in the war, women stayed behind to watch the home front. In WWII, you could argue that women in the U.S. actually WON the war. Without them, the U.S. military stood no chance. Women worked in the factories to produce weapons, ammunition, tanks, planes, etc.

THE ALLIES TURN THE TABLES The U.S. attacked Japan and destroyed their entire Navy from the sky. The U.S. would use planes, loaded with new bombs and technologies, to directly attack naval based. This policy became known as “Island Hopping.” Island Hopping: Taking over one pacific island at a time to build military bases closer and closer to Japan.

MAJOR U.S. WORRY: The U.S. had to worry about Japanese Kamikaze (suicide) attacks These attacks presented a real and present danger to U.S. battleships and carriers. Kamikaze

THE ALLIES STRATEGIZE The Allies wanted to attack the Axis from all sides They Started in Africa and wanted to advance up from Africa through Italy. The Russians agreed to fight to push the Nazi’s out of Russia at the same time. The battle of Stalingrad is the key battle and victory for Russia.

THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD Stalingrad….One of the bloodiest battles of WWII (Russia vs. Germany) Enemy at the Gates 1 Enemy at the Gates 2

THE ALLIES SURGE FORWARD The allies penetrated Europe through France D-Day: June 6 th, 1944 Fighting had happened against Italy in Northern Africa (Operation Torch) Against Germany on the Eastern Front (Stalingrad) D-Day = the last big push against Germany, the invasion of France. A multi-national, joint operation, involving decoys, land invasion, ships, paratroopers, to get into France and push Germany Back

Omaha Beach – D - Day

ALLIES WIN! Thanks to the overwhelming success of the D-Day land, air, and sea invasions, the Allies were able to surround the Nazi forces. Hitler, knowing that he had lost the war, committed suicide in his bunker. Mussolini would then be executed in the streets of Italy by his own people. VE-Day = Victory in Europe day. The European Axis powers surrendered on May 8 th, 1945.

VICTORY IN JAPAN Island hopping had been the original strategy…but it was slow and taking a while Sooo… We issued bombing raids and the fire-bombing of Tokyo which was extremely deadly…but effective Destroys over 50% of Tokyo’s industrial capacity One of the raids killed over 100,000 civilians…. Fire Bombing of Tokyo

THE A-BOMB The U.S. used the Manhattan Project in New York to produce the world’s first atomic bombs. The U.S. would then drop two atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) to force them to surrender Bombs names? Fat Man and Little Boy!

HOW? Two B-29 bombers dropped the bombs over the cities: The Enola Gay – Carried “little boy.” Dropped on Hiroshima. Aug 6 th 1945 The Bockscar – Carried “fat man.” Dropped on Nagasaki. Aug 9 th 1945.

STATISTICS Hiroshima – Blast was equal to 13,000 tons of TNT. Killed 80,000 people. Destroyed 90% of the city. Yet, after all of this, Japan still refused to surrender… So the U.S. dropped “fat boy” on Nagasaki Nagasaki – Instantly killed (vaporized) approximately 40,000 people. Blast equalled roughly 21,000 tons of TNT

RESULTS EVERYONE (including the US) was horrified by the destruction VJ-Day – Victory in Japan (they finally surrender). September 2 nd, An estimated 200,000 people died as a result of injuries and radiation poisoning from the bombs.

JUSTIFICATION FOR DROPPING THE BOMB President Truman has to make a decision between invading Japan or dropping the bomb The justification was that it would save American soldiers lives if they did not have to invade