Shasta/Lava Beds/Lassen

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Presentation transcript:

Shasta/Lava Beds/Lassen

The Cascade Volcanoes Caused by subduction Explorer, Juan de Fuca, and Gorda = oceanic plates North American = continental plate

Mt. Shasta prominent landmark at an elevation of 4,317 meters (14,162 feet) volume of nearly 500 cubic kilometers makes it the largest of the Cascade stratovolcanoes Most recent eruption occurred 200 years ago 7 main glaciers recognized on Shasta today Seismically and geothermally active

Rocks and Minerals Rocks Basalt Andesite Dacite Minerals Olivene Hypersthene Augite Hornblende Biotite Plagioclase Quartz Magnetite

Why are Lavas Diverse? Magma can: a) differentiate; b) be modified by surrounding rock; and c) mix with other magma to produce different types of lavas seen at the surface. Magma chamber at depth under Shasta; basaltic lava rises from the mantle below.

Glaciers and Glacial Erosion 7 main glaciers on Shasta Total volume of ice is about 140 million cubic meters Cirques, aretes, and moraines are all seen on Shasta

Streams and Debris Flows Multiple debris flows have happened during historic time and will continue to occur As water runs off of the slopes it may become 2 times as dense as water when volcanic sediment is incorporated Slurries develop that are similar to concrete Streams are able to buoy up and carry rocks much larger than normal http://www.siskiyous.edu/Shasta/map/mp/wdf8-97.mpg

Mass Movement Downslope falls, slides, or flows of weathered rock due to gravity 3 factors = steep slopes, weak rocks, and water Rockfalls common Debris flows common Debris Avalanches uncommon, but do occur on Shasta

Lava Beds National Monument Formed from eruptions from Medicine Lake volcano Main rock types = Basalt Aa and Pahoehoe Andesite Rhyolite Tuff Obsidian Pumice

Volcanic Features Lava Tube Caves Cinder Cones Spatter Cones Craters Fault Scarps

Lassen Peak National Volcanic Park Formed from a massive extrusion of dacite ~11,000 years ago May have only erupted for a year or two Mt. Maidu, Mt. Tehama, and Thousand Lakes volcano also formed landscape in greater area Glaciers have played a major role in shaping the landscape around Lassen Geothermal activity continues to date

Volcanic & Geothermal Features Plug domes Cinder cones Craters Debris Avalanches Lava Flows Hot springs Fumaroles Boiling mud pots

Conclusion Whole region is formed by subduction Some lavas are silica rich – pasty, sticky, explosive (Mt. Shasta, Lassen Peak) Some lavas are silica poor – runny, less explosive/effusive (Medicine Lake/Lava Beds) Glaciers have played a major role in shaping the landscape Geologic hazards (mass movements, eruptions) continue to affect the region