Approaches to Ancient History Week 3: evaluating theory.

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Approaches to Ancient History Week 3: evaluating theory

Evaluating theory 1 Focus not only on identifying general concepts and processes, but on evaluating their plausibility. Breadth of generalisation: how large a geographical area, how long a period of time, how many aspects of human activity does it purport to cover? Universal or historically specific?

Evaluating Theory 2 Status of generalisation: what sort of knowledge does it claim to provide? Invariable laws of human behaviour, or a sense of the range of possibilities in particular circumstances? Social science offers different sorts of models: deliberate simplification of reality in order to highlight key aspects.

Evaluating Theory 3 As with any historical account, need to consider plausibility of interpretation of evidence, compared with alternative interpretations. Which can explain the most and has to ignore the least? Problem: evidence can be interpreted in different ways according to prior assumptions. Incommensurability.

Evaluating Theory 4 Evaluate not only in respect to evidence, but also political and moral criteria. No neutral vantage point? Grand narrative ; some form of narrative structure indispensable? How far may the plausibility of an account depend on whether it tells the sort of story we want to hear?