Outcome: ES20-AE1 – Analyze the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors that provide criteria to determine the condition of aquatic systems. ES20 – AE2 – Recognize the mechanisms and importance of watershed in aquatic systems.

Outcome and Indicator Self-Assessment – what all did we hit so far? ES20-AE1 Analyze the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors that provide criteria to determine the condition of aquatic systems. a. Provide local and regional examples of aquatic systems including standing water bodies (e.g., lakes, saline lakes, and wetlands), flowing water bodies (streams and rivers) and groundwater. (K) b. Explain how the condition of an aquatic ecosystem can be measured using chemical factors, physical factors, and biological indicators including indicator species, keystone species and invasive species. (K, STSE) c. Measure abiotic factors (e.g., turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and particulates) of an ecosystem using a variety of methods (e.g., probe ware, pH paper, Secchi disks, an Imhoff settling cone, and chemical water quality test kits). (S, STSE) d. Examine the diversity of life existing in an aquatic ecosystem through water sampling, classifying aquatic biota, assessing biodiversity, calculating a water quality index and/or algal productivity. (K, S) e. Assess the interdependencies between abiotic (e.g., pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids, phosphorous, nitrogen, stream flow, and biochemical oxygen demand) and biotic factors in a functioning aquatic ecosystem. (K) f. Investigate bacterial content in surface water and compare the presence of coliform bacteria to surface water quality standards following appropriate safety procedures. (A, S, STSE) g. Analyze the societal and environmental impacts of point source and non-point source pollution on human and aquatic systems. (STSE, K, A) h. Analyze the rationale for developing and enforcing water quality standards such as the Saskatchewan Surface Water Quality Objectives and the Canadian Water Quality Index and legislation such as the Canada Water Act and the International River Improvements Act. (STSE, K) i. Analyze emerging health challenges such as the spread of disease, mercury in fish, blue-green algae, and E. coli in drinking water that result from changes to the condition of aquatic systems. (STSE, K)

Outcome and Indicator Self-Assessment – what all did we hit so far? ES20-AE2 Recognize the mechanisms and importance of watersheds in aquatic systems a. Recognize watersheds as areas of land that drain into specific bodies of surface water or ground water, and that link all living things within that watershed. (K) b. Identify inflows (e.g., runoff, groundwater) in local watersheds and outflows to larger continental watersheds and their effect on water quality. (S) c. Differentiate among the roles of streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, groundwater, groundwater recharge areas, aquifers in a watershed. (K) d. Describe the benefits of the ecological goods and services provided by wetlands. (K) e. Examine how individuals, organizations and government agencies (e.g., Watershed associations, Water Security Agency) work to ensure clean and abundant water through producing water regulations and allocation policies. (K, STSE) f. Describe the operation and effectiveness of technologies and processes developed to protect drinking water sources locally and globally. (K, STSE) g. Recognize different characteristics of lakes from naturally oligotrophic to eutrophic as well as possible causes and consequences of cultural eutrophication (e.g., clearing of land, excessive fertilizer runoff, and treatment plants). (K) h. Assess the importance of riparian areas in protecting aquatic ecosystem health. (K) i. Compare net primary productivity of wetlands and aquatic ecosystems to other natural ecosystems. (K)

g. Analyze the societal and environmental impacts of point source and non-point source pollution on human and aquatic systems. (STSE, K, A) h. Analyze the rationale for developing and enforcing water quality standards such as the Saskatchewan Surface Water Quality Objectives and the Canadian Water Quality Index and legislation such as the Canada Water Act and the International River Improvements Act. (STSE, K) i. Analyze emerging health challenges such as the spread of disease, mercury in fish, blue-green algae, and E. coli in drinking water that result from changes to the condition of aquatic systems. (STSE, K) d. Describe the benefits of the ecological goods and services provided by wetlands. (K) e. Examine how individuals, organizations and government agencies (e.g., Watershed associations, Water Security Agency) work to ensure clean and abundant water through producing water regulations and allocation policies. (K, STSE) f. Describe the operation and effectiveness of technologies and processes developed to protect drinking water sources locally and globally. (K, STSE) g. Recognize different characteristics of lakes from naturally oligotrophic to eutrophic as well as possible causes and consequences of cultural eutrophication (e.g., clearing of land, excessive fertilizer runoff, and treatment plants). (K )

Format Read page(s) Review important points with partner Share a point Listen to Petlak/presentation

Water Uses & Issues Water Book Pg 34 Define and provide an example of the below. Instream uses – Withdrawal uses – Water consumption – Water pollution – Water Resource problems fall into three categories, what are they?   

21% Saskatchewan’s freshwater use is drinking. Agricultural Production = 67% Soil has the capability of absorbing precipitation. If soil is saturated with water – new rain runs off. Water is only a renewable resource if we manage it and allocate it appropriately.

Consumption, Flooding, Drought Water Book Pg Too little water – consumption – rates of use are increasing greater than the rates of population increase. What all might consume water and what for? Too much water – flooding – connect to global warming Flooding caused by quick melts of snow or heavy rainfall. If soil is saturated with water, it will run off more into watersheds. Wetlands and lakes help mitigate the flooding. Vegetation and minimal pavement also aids in this. Solution to flooding? Not enough water – drought – evaporating water. Vegetation helps the ground hold more water, shades the ground, and limits the amount of water vapour the wind may move.

70% of world fresh water use is with irrigation – how can we mitigate the need for irrigation water? How is it beneficial? Allocating water use from aquifers – why is overusing the aquifer water problematic? Social and biotic impacts of overdrawing surface waters – example? Activity 6 and Learning Check Irrigation, Aquifer Depletion, Overdrawing Surface Waters Water Book Pg 37-38

Water Quality and Pollution Read Define and provide an example of the below. Point source pollution - Nonpoint source pollution – Types of water pollution Cause and Effect of Contaminants – list 5 – create table (use for study card?) Pathogens – from waste – spreads disease. Radioactive substances – medical/scientific research – threatens drinking water supply. Fertilizers – stimulate excess growth of plants and algae. Sedimentation and Siltration – Sediment and silt increases in water – leading to settling at the bottom of the water. Increasing Oxygen Demand – More organic matter – decomposition increases Increasing Nutrients – Groundwater Contamination – Pg Activity 7 (no formal write-up required) and Learning Check

Water Management Pg What do the dams and reservoirs do for water management on the Saskatchewan River? List 5 solid points. Case Study: Lake Diefenbaker (and Sturgeon) Pg Summarize – list 5 points summarizing its creation, impacts, uses and other facts.

What do the dams and reservoirs do for water management on the Saskatchewan River? List 5 solid points. - dams hold back sediment and debris. - changes the distribution and abundance of aquatic life. - dam removes nutrients from the downstream ecosystem - dams/reservoirs slow the flow so water is available all year round. - assist in irrigation, hydroelectric power, recreational uses, flood control, municipal and industrial uses – takes more water to flood a lake than river. - can have drastic changes on terrestrial ecosystems. - floods - offshoots can provide protection for smaller animals from predators. Water Management Pg

Lake Diefenbaker Case Study Summarize – list 5 points summarizing its creation, impacts, uses and other facts. - excellent oxygen levels. - water temperatures are typical of reservoirs on other rivers – this is good. - 1/3 of saskatchewan’s pop depends on Lake D. - initial purpose was to form a reservoir for irrigation. - beginning to show signs of eutrophication. - important breeding site for piping plovers - decline of lake sturgeon

Water Conservation and Strategies Reduce Retrofit Repair Reducing Agricultural Water Consumption Reducing Water Consumption in Industry Reducing municipal water consumption

Water Quality and Purification Pg if time available. Cases of Contaminated Water What are two? How is water purified?

This will help cover many indicators generally