1 The Challenges of Road Connectivity to the Counties: National Perspective By Eng. Meshack O. Kidenda, MBS, HSC Director General, KeNHA 10 th May, 2012

CONTENTS: 1.Introduction; 2.Understanding Road Connectivity; 3.Challenges of Road Connectivity to the Counties; 4.Directions for the future; and 5.Conclusion. 2

Kenya National Highways Authority 3 A road agency established under the Kenya Roads Act 2007, responsible for the management, development, rehabilitation and maintenance of International Roads (Class A), National Trunk Roads (Class B), and Primary Roads (Class C). Our Vision “A leading Highways Authority committed to quality, safe and adequate national roads”. Our Mandate “To Manage, develop, rehabilitate and maintain national roads”. Our Mission “To construct and manage national roads that enhance socio-economic growth and prosperity”.

4 INTRODUCTION:  Kenya adopted a new Constitution in August, The Constitution introduced:  a devolved system with two levels of government; &  its territory was divided into (47) counties;  In accordance with the Constitution:  The public road network has been categorized into: national trunk roads and county roads;

Schedule 4 Responsibility for Roads County Governments are responsible for county roads, street lighting, traffic and parking, public road transport. National Government is responsible for transport and Communication including road traffic and the construction and operations of the national trunk roads 5

National Travel To the National Capital, parliament and senate; To National facilities, referral hospitals, international airports, Ports; and Inter County journeys and trade. 6

7 CURRENT STATUS:  KeNHA manages 14,090 kms of class A,B and C roads.  Although fairly spread across the country, the roads are generally in a better state in the more densely populated areas (Northern corridor)

8 Kms Class A3,588 Class B2,645 Class C7,857 Total14,090 KeNHA Network and Length

CLASS A, B AND C ROADS NOCOUNTYABC ROADS (kms) 1Baringo Bomet Bungoma Busia Embu Garissa Homa Bay Isiolo Kajiado Kakamega Keiyo-Marakwet Kericho Kiambu Kilifi

NOCOUNTYABC ROADS (kms) 10 15Kirinyaga Kisii Kisumu Kitui Kwale Laikipia Lamu Machakos Makueni Mandera Marsabit Meru Migori Mombasa Murang'a Nairobi231.3 CLASS A, B AND C ROADS

31Nakuru Nandi Narok Nyamira Nyandarua Nyeri Samburu Siaya Taita-Taveta Tana River Tharaka-Nithi Trans-Nzoia Turkana Uasin Gishu Vihiga Wajir West Pokot189.0 TOTAL14, CLASS A, B AND C ROADS

12 UNDERSTANDING ROAD CONNECTIVITY : What is Road Connectivity?  It refers to the density of connections in the road network and the directness of the links.  A well-connected road network has:  many short links;  numerous intersections; and  minimal dead-ends.

13 As road connectivity to the Counties increases:  travel distances decrease & route options increase, allowing more direct travel between destinations, creating a more accessible and resilient system;  there is diversification of activities & income sources thus playing a positive role in socio economic development;  better routing opportunities for emergency and delivery vehicles are provided.

14 Challenges of Road Connectivity to the Counties: 1. Severe Resource (Funds) Strain:  The major constraint to the provision of appropriate road network is the high level of investment required to develop and maintain the national road network.

15 2. Sub Sector Reform:  To ensure implementation of the new constitution, it is necessary to review the legal, institutional and administrative framework for the management of the country’s road sub- sector.  This is work in progress

16  This revised framework will define:  the funding arrangements for road construction and management for both National trunk roads and County roads; and  the level of cooperation and consultation between the two governments.

17 3. Land Acquisition for Right of Way:  County roads serve as linkage to urban centers and markets and farms within the counties.  Cost of acquiring this Right of Way and lack of coordinated spatial planning is a challenge.

18 4. Equitable Road development:  Some parts of the network and some Counties have in the past received more attention than others and hence have better roads,  It will be a challenge to correct imbalance and achieve equity in a scenario where funding is inadequate.  Connectivity to Counties by the national trunk roads to an agreed standard will be undertaken even where traffic volumes remain low.

19 5. Low capacity of local contractors:  The existing local contracting capacity is inadequate. This inadequacy fails to facilitate the development and connectivity to the county roads.

20 6. A vast unclassified network of roads:  The country’s road sub sector has an unclassified road network length of 100,000 km.  To facilitate road development and in turn increase connectivity its critical to have in place an adequate classification system consistent with the mandates of the two levels of government as stipulated in the Constitution & for prioritization purposes.

21 7. Inadequate Technical Expertise:  Under the Constitution, the national government is tasked with providing technical assistance to the counties.  There is a large requirement by the national and county governments of adequate manpower who are technically competent.

22 8. Inadequate Road Construction Plant & Equipment:  The plant and equipment currently available for hire by the contractors and KeNHA are inadequate.  This results in delays in road construction, which in turn affect the rate of connectivity to the various County roads.

23 9. Interconnection between counties:  The current challenges in interconnectivity between counties include  Maralal neighbours Turkana. How do you get from Maralal to Lodwar?  Taveta borders Kajiado. What is the road connectivity for trade?  Narok and Kajiado. Do you go through Nakuru, Nairobi to go to county?  Are we to open new national roads to link them?

24 DIRECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE: a) Clarified Responsibility: Sub sector reform is currently ongoing to promote role clarity and accountability for all actors. b) Re-classification of the Road network : To set out criteria for road classification consistent with the mandates of the two levels of government as stipulated in the Fourth Schedule of Constitution.

25 DIRECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE: c) Commercialized Management:  The sub sector is currently putting in measures to create a conducive environment for increased private sector participation of roads.  This is to ease the resource strain on the National government.  Private sector participation in the form of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) is ongoing.

26 d) Capacity Building of Local Contractors:  The sub-sector is currently reviewing contractor classification system and local contractor capacity and training to ensure effective management of contracts in Kenya;  This is to ensure that only contractors with the requisite competence and adequate resources are awarded contracts; thus facilitating that “Value for money”.

27 d) Implementation of RSIP:  The RSIP gives a plan for development of roads across the country;  This will enhance transparency and planning.

28 CONCLUSION:  Attainment of Vision 2030 and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will depend heavily on the quality and span of connectivity of the country’s road network. “It is not a strong economy that leads to good roads, but rather good roads that lead to a strong economy” Road Sector investment Programme, RSIP, (2011)

Questions? THANK YOU! 29