19.2 Hydrogen Ions and Acidity. Self-Ionization of Water Water is very polar Water is very polar When the water molecules collide too fast a proton can.

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Presentation transcript:

19.2 Hydrogen Ions and Acidity

Self-Ionization of Water Water is very polar Water is very polar When the water molecules collide too fast a proton can break off and two ions form When the water molecules collide too fast a proton can break off and two ions form H 2 O → H + + OH - Usually the H + ion reacts with an intact H 2 O molecule to form an hydronium ion H 3 O + Usually the H + ion reacts with an intact H 2 O molecule to form an hydronium ion H 3 O + H + + H 2 O → H 3 O +

Algebra Review = 10 4 ___1___ = ___1___ = Which number is larger 10 4 or 10 6 ? 10 6 Which number is larger or ? think about it what is the larger number 1/10,000 or 1/1,000,000

Acidic or basic [H+] > solution is acidic [H+] > solution is acidic [H+] = solution is neutral [H+] = solution is neutral [H+] < solution is basic [H+] < solution is basic Or other way around [OH-] > solution is basic [OH-] > solution is basic [OH-] = solution is neutral [OH-] = solution is neutral [OH-] < solution is acidic [OH-] < solution is acidic

H+/OH- concentrations in acids and bases H+ OH- H+ OH- H+ OH- H+ OH- H+ OH- H+ OH- acid neutral base acid neutral base

Algebra What’s a logarithm? What’s a logarithm? Writing exponents w/o superscript Writing exponents w/o superscriptExample: log 10 3 = 3 log = -3 -log = 3

How much alkalinity/acidity Easier way of expressing acidity/alkalinity Easier way of expressing acidity/alkalinity Focuses only on [H + ] concentration, called pH (little p, big H!!!) Focuses only on [H + ] concentration, called pH (little p, big H!!!) The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration pH = -log [H + ] Artificial scale ranging from 0 to14 Artificial scale ranging from 0 to14

Example H2O A few water molecules do this A few water molecules do this H 2 O → H + + OH - Is water an acid or a base? How many molecules break up? How many molecules break up? Water has [H + ] = Water has [H + ] = pH = -log pH = -log pH= 7 pH= 7 Because water is considered neutral, pH 7 is the neutral pH Because water is considered neutral, pH 7 is the neutral pH

pH of Household Liquids

Addtl. definition of an acid/base Acid has a pH < 7 ( ) Acid has a pH < 7 ( ) Base has a pH > 7 ( ) Base has a pH > 7 ( )