Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA technology is used in all aspects of biology: Medicine: a)Insulin, b)HGH c)Vaccines d)Factor 8 e) Forensic DNA fingerprinting, f) Gene therapy g) Disease diagnosis

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA a)Insulin, b)HGH c)Vaccines d)Factor 8 Medicine:

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA Forensic DNA fingerprinting:

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA Production of valuable pharmaceuticals in transgenic sheep milk:

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA Human genome project:

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA Agriculture : Development of novel varieties of plants : a)Increased protein and yield b)Increased vitamin content c)Pest and disease resistance.

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA Agriculture : Development of novel varieties of plants a)Increased protein and yield b)Increased vitamin content c)Pest and disease resistance. “Golden rice” with increased levels of vitamin A

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA

This technology is called: Recombinant DNA, Gene Cloning, Genetic Engineering, Transgenic technology Ability to take a gene from one organism, and stably insert it into another with a view to expression

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA technology involves: 1) A method of cutting DNA molecules 2) A method of joining DNA molecules 3) A method of introducing DNA molecules into cells and organisms 4) A method of identifying recombinants 5) A method to drive expression of the foreign gene in an alien environment. 2) A method for isolating DNA molecules

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA 1) A method of cutting DNA molecules – Restriction Enzymes. Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes which have evolved to protect Bacteria from phage attack. Incoming phage DNA is cleaved, but bacterial DNA is not because it is methylated.

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA Restriction enzymes are named after the bacterium from which they were first isolated: Eco R1 – Escherichia coli – G A A T T C 6 bp Bam H1 – Bacillus amyloliquefaciens – G G A T C C 6 bp Sau 3A – Staphylococcus aureus – G A T C 4 bp Not 1 – Nocardia – - G C G G C C G C 8 bp Hind 3 – Haemophilus influenzae – A A G C T T 6 bp.

Lecture 1 – Recombinant DNA Restriction enzymes cleave DNA at SPECIFIC sequences: To give Blunt (flush) ends and Sticky (cohesive) ends