Jackson’s Actions

Indian Removal Nullification Crisis Bank War

Whites continue to move into Indian territory. States like Georgia were passing laws to try to force Indians from their lands. Worcester v. Georgia, 1832 Courts ruled that Indian territories were nations with separate laws and states had no jurisdiction within their boarders. The federal government did not enforce the court’s decision.

Indian Lands in 1828 Election Results 1828 Do you think that the Indian Removal issue had an impact on the Presidential election of 1828? Why did southern and frontier states all vote for Jackson?

The Case For Removal: Speech to Congress, 1830 How to you think the author of this speech feels about Indians and their culture? What do you think supporters of Indian Removal meant when they used the term “land exchange?” Ladies of Steubenville, 1830 Is America’s decision on the Indian Removal issue a legal question or a moral question? What do the “ladies” think the consequences of forcing the Indians to move will be? The Case Against Removal

You are a member of congress in 1830 when the Indian Removal Act come up a vote. Do you vote for or against Indian Removal? Why?

Jackson leads the effort to pass the Indian Removal Act in Nearly all of the southern Indian tribes are forced to move to lands West of the Mississippi River. The forced march West becomes known as the “Trail of Tears.”

What is money? What makes it valuable? Gold and silver? National bank: The wars (Revolutionary and 1812) left the United States in debt. Some states were bankrupt. We needed one unified currency... Alexander Hamilton suggested a central bank. The Bank of the United States would be this central bank. The Second Bank of the United States was also a commercial bank involved in making loans. Other banks resented the competition from this Federally supported institution. Should there be a Bank of the United States? Pro’s and Con’s

B.U.S. Interactive Slide Lecture

Pro-Bank Nicholas Biddle, B.U.S. president attempted to serve a public purpose by cushioning the ups and downs of the national economy U.S. government has access to substantial funding Bank should be based on paper money Anti-Bank Andrew Jackson, President U.S.A. Jackson believed BUS was too powerful because it was privately owned. Considered it unconstitutional regardless of Marshall’s McCulloch vs. Maryland Bank should be based on specie (gold and silver)

The Bank War inspired numerous cartoons. Opponents referred to him as King Andrew because used the veto more than any president to that time…..12 times Destroyed the BUS in 1832 with the veto.

The “Monster” Is Destroyed!  1832: Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States.  1836: the charter expired.  1841: the bank went bankrupt!

Results of the bank closing  Banknotes lose their value.  Land sales plummeted.  Credit not available.  Businesses began to fail.  Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

A triumphant Jackson holds his order to remove government deposits from the bank as the bank crumbles and a host of demonic characters scurry from its ruins.

Should a state have the right to nullify federal law? Disagreements over who decides if a law is unconstitutional? The Supreme Court? The President? Congress? The States?

The Tariff of 1828 helped industry in the North, but the farming economy of the south was being hurt by the law. Cotton prices dropped from 31 cents per pound to 8 cents per pound in less than ten years. South Carolina leads to protest against what they saw as an unconstitutional law by “nullifying” it.

Supporters of Nullification The people form the states, and the states form the federal gov. Opponents of Nullification The people came together to directly form the federal gov. Preamble to the Constitution = “We the PEOPLE…”

Supporters: Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of th Amendment John C. Calhoun (Vice President and South Carolinian) published “Exposition and Protest” anonymously.

Opponents of Nullification The supremacy of the national government based on the Supremacy Clause (Article VI) of the Constitution.

Pro-Nullification Led by Vice President John C. Calhoun Southern planters who rely on cotton and slavery Led by President Andrew Jackson Merchants (mostly Northerners) who like the Tariff Those supporting the authority of the federal government Anti-Nullification

The Problem The Tariff of 1828 angered many Southern states because it hurt their economy. South Carolina “nullifies” the Tariff. Send in the military and force South Carolina to obey. Could lead to war Revoke the Tariff of Makes the federal government look weak Compromise Describe how you would “meet in the middle” Possible Solutions

1832- SC calls a convention and nullifies the tariff and threatens secession creating major national crisis. Jackson signs the Force Bill and Tariff of 1833 at the same time. Force Bill authorizes military action to collect tariffs and prevent secession. Tariff of 1833 lowers the tax. “With this hand I offer peace, with this hand I offer war, you choose.”

SC drops nullification, accepts the compromise tariff but nullifies the Force Bill at the same time. Both sides say they won.