A2 BIOLOGY Homeostasis Assignment

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Introduction to Physiology
Advertisements

Interactions Among Animal Systems (Part One)
Organization and Homeostasis
Negative and Positive Feedback Loops December 18, 2014.
Keystone Anchor BIO.A.4.2 Explain mechanisms that permit organisms to maintain biological balance between their internal and external environments.
Homeostasis and Feedback in the Body
Unit 1 – Homeostasis Introduction
Nervous and Endocrine Systems Review
The Human Body: An Orientation: Part A
Introduction to Physiology
The Human Body: An Orientation
INTRODUCTION TO HOMEOSTASIS
Nervous and Endocrine System.  How do humans carry out the life process, regulation?  How do the nervous and endocrine systems help to maintain homeostasis.
What do you need to survive right now? Homeostasis!
Scott K. Powers Edward T. Howley Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance SEVENTH EDITION Chapter Copyright ©2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Regulation. Homeostasis “steady state” Keeping constant (or close to it!) conditions in an organism’s internal environment, even when the external environment.
Homeostasisq Defined as maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment Defined as maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment Homeostasis.
Homeostasis. Homeostasis is a term that is used to refer to the maintenance of a stable equilibrium inside an organism. This equilibrium however is not.
Homeostasis – Necessary Life Functions What defines all living organisms? Maintain boundaries Movement Locomotion Movement of substances Responsiveness.
The Human Body: An Orientation. Physiology/Intro%20to%20Anatomy% 20and%20Physiology/TheAmazingHu manBody.mov
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Made up of 8 glands located throughout the body. These glands make and release hormones. The hormones are chemical messengers.
Denny Agustiningsih Dept. of Physiology.  Concept of homeostasis was formulated by a French Physiologist Claude Bernard in 1865  He noticed that La.
 Homeostasis. What is Homeostasis?  The way the body keeps its internal environment constant, in other words, how the body “maintains a steady state”
What would kill you first if your body’s homeostasis systems failed
Homeostasis Definition Regulating Blood Glucose Level Source: Raven P. and G. Johnson 1992 Biology. Third Ed. United States: Mosby Year Publishing.
35-1 Summary. Levels of Organization Chemical Chemical Cellular Cellular Tissue Tissue Organs Organs System Level System Level Organismic Level Organismic.
Homeostasis 1: What is Homeostasis? Structures and Processes of the Nervous System What is Homeostasis? Structures and Processes of the Nervous System.
HOMEOSTASIS “Keeping The Status Quo”.  A set of processes used to maintain a balanced body environment  Blood pressure at 120/80  Body temperature.
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE DR ZAHOOR ALI SHAIKH 1.
Human Body Systems Homeostasis –maintaining internal balance in the body organism must keep internal conditions stable even if environment changes Homeostasis.
Homeostasis Balancing the internal environment. External vs. Internal Environment What is the difference?
Homeostasis Balancing the internal environment. External vs. Internal Environment What is the difference?
Nervous and Endocrine Systems Review 7A
Introduction to Homeostasis
Introduction to Homeostasis
Maintain yourself!. What is it? HOMEOSTASIS- this means a state of equilibrium homeo--same stasis--standing still A. The maintenance of a stable internal.
Homeostasis and Feedback. Homeo = Similar Stasis = State Maintaining a stable internal environment within a narrow range Necessary for proper function.
Homeostasis: Maintaining a Balance. Key Words: Maintain – keep up. Constant – the same. Internal – inside the body. Environment – surroundings of the.
Feedback systems for controlling body functions
(Foundation Block 4) Homeostasis I By Ahmad Ahmeda
Organization of the Human Body SAP1 – Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions.
Anatomy and Physiology I Bio 130 Professor Peter Smith D.P.T, ATC
Homeostasis and Feedback Notes. Homeostasis Homeo = Similar Stasis = State Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment. Necessary.
 1. There are 4 types of tissues that make up the human body  2. Tissues work together to make up an organ, organs work together to make up an organ.
Warm-up: 1.What do you think the term “feedback” means? 2.Give an example of a “feedback” you get from school? 3.How can this “feedback” be used for improvement?
Unit 9: Human Body Part 1 ~ Body Organization and Systems Overview Mrs. Howland Biology 10 Rev. Feb 2016.
Physiology. Animal organs are usually composed of more than one cell type. Each organ typically performs a given function. The stomach is an organ composed.
Section 3: Feedback Mechanisms
Homeostasis.
Tada Obert Dept of Livestock & Wildlife Management
Lecture 21: Animal physiology
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO HOMEOSTASIS
Homeostasis.
Homeostasis Temp & Hormones intro.
Dr FARZANA SALMAN ASSOSIATE PROFESSOR PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT PMC HOMEOSTASIS Dr FARZANA SALMAN ASSOSIATE PROFESSOR PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT PMC.
Lecture 21: Animal physiology
Hormones & Homeostasis
Homeostasis and Feedback Loops EQ: What is homeostasis and how are feedback loops used to achieve it?
Lecture 21: Animal physiology
Balancing the internal environment
Dr. MUNAZA KHATTAK ASISTANT PROFESSOR PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT PMC
Lecture 21: Animal physiology
Introduction to Physiology
Interactions Among Animal Systems (Part One)
Introduction to Physiology
Lecture 21: Animal physiology
Interactions Among Animal Systems (Part One)
Introduction and FEEDBACK LOOPS
Hypothalamus-Pituitary Complex and Feedback Control
Presentation transcript:

A2 BIOLOGY Homeostasis Assignment BY SAMIR BABALDIN

Homeostasis Homeostasis, from the Greek words for "same" and "steady," refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival…

Sections of homeostasis The Internal Environment Control Systems

Sections of homeostasis Feedback Systems in Homeostasis Body Systems and Homeostasis

Homeostasis A person threatened by the environment (or informed of an approaching pleasure or danger) prepares for action. The body mobilizes reserves of energy and produces certain hormones such as adrenalin, which prepare it for conflict or flight. This mobilisation can be seen in familiar physiological reactions. In the presence of emotion, danger, or physical effort the heart beats faster and respiration quickens. The face turns red or pales and the body perspires. The individual may experience shortness of breath, cold sweats, shivering, trembling legs. These physiological manifestations reflect the efforts of the body to maintain its internal equilibrium. Action can be voluntary--to drink when one is thirsty, to eat when hungry, to put on clothing when cold, to open a window when one is too warm--or involuntary--shivering, sweating.

Internal components of homeostasis Concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide pH of the internal environment Concentration of nutrients and waste products Concentration of salt and other electrolytes Volume and pressure of extracellular fluid

Control Systems Open systems are linear and have no feedback, such as a light switch. Closed Systems has two components: a sensor and an effector, such as a thermostat (sensor) and furnace (effector). Most physiological systems in the body use feedback to maintain the body's internal environment.

Control Systems Extrinsic Most homeostatic systems are extrinsic: they are controlled from outside the body. Endocrine and nervous systems are the major control systems in higher animals. The nervous system depends on sensors in the skin or sensory organs to receive stimuli and transmit a message to the spinal cord or brain. Sensory input is processed and a signal is sent to an effector system, such as muscles or glands, that effects the response to the stimulus. The endocrine system is the second type of extrinsic control, and involves a chemical component to the reflex. Sensors detect a change within the body and send a message to an endocrine effector (parathyroid), which makes PTH. PTH is released into the blood when blood calcium levels are low. PTH causes bone to release calcium into the bloodstream, raising the blood calcium levels and shutting down the production of PTH. Some reflexes have a combination of nervous and endocrine response. The thyroid gland secretes thyroxin (which controls the metabolic rate) into the bloodstream. Falling levels of thyroxin stimulate receptors in the brain to signal the hypothalamus to release a hormone that acts on the pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) into the blood. TSH acts on the thyroid, causing it to increase production of thyroxin.

Control Systems Intrinsic Local, or intrinsic, controls usually involve only one organ or tissue. When muscles use more oxygen, and also produce more carbon dioxide, intrinsic controls cause dilation of the blood vessels allowing more blood into those active areas of the muscles. Eventually the vessels will return to "normal".

Feedback Systems in Homeostasis Negative feedback control mechanisms (used by most of the body's systems) are called negative because the information caused by the feedback causes a reverse of the response. TSH is an example: blood levels of TSH serve as feedback for production of TSH. Positive feedback control is used in some cases. Input increases or accelerates the response. During uterine contractions, oxytocin is produced. Oxytocin causes an increase in frequency and strength of uterine contractions. This in turn causes further production of oxytocin, etc. Homeostasis depends on the action and interaction of a number of body systems to maintain a range of conditions within which the body can best operate.

Negative feedback control mechanisms negative feedback The stopping of the synthesis of an enzyme by the accumulation of the products of the enzyme-mediated reaction. negative feedback control  Occurs when information produced by the feedback reverses the direction of the response; regulates the secretion of most hormones. negative feedback loop A biochemical pathway where the products of the reaction inhibit production of the enzyme that controlled their formation.

Positive feedback control Biochemical control where the accumulation of the product stimulates production of an enzyme responsible for that product's production. positive feedback control  Occurs when information produced by the feedback increases and accelerates the response.

Body Systems and Homeostasis Eleven major organ systems are present within animals, although some animals lack one or more of them. The vertebrate body has two cavities: the thoracic, which contains the heart and lungs; and the abdominal, which contains digestive organs. The head, or cephalic region, contains four of the five senses as well as a brain encased in the bony skull. These organ systems can be grouped according to their functions.