4/18/14 1 That was the year that was in Linux Pacific Northwest National Laboratories April 18, 2014 Rick Lindsley IBM Linux Technology Center

4/18/14 2 Introduction Software engineer working with UNIX ®, Linux, or similar for 30 years Member of LTC (Linux Technology Center) since IBM bought Sequent Computer Systems, Inc. in 1999 Linux specialties: Linux kernel in general, and process scheduler specifically Named adjunct professor at WSU-TriCities in 2007

4/18/14 3 Topics today Where was Linux in April 2013? Changes from April 2013 Current state of 3.x Linux Heartbleed Q&A

4/18/14 4 Linux in April 2013 “Current release” in April 2013: 3.8 Ext4 very small files F2fs for flash memory storage devices From Samsung Experimental Huge pages supports zero page New NUMA implementation 386 no longer supported

4/18/14 5 Changes since April (April 28, 2013) Experimental RAID 5/6 support and snapshot-aware defragmentation in Btrfs Android “goldfish” emulator KVM support in ARM architectures New “suspend-freeze” suspend state Chrome OS laptop support Removal of CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL

4/18/14 6 Changes since April (June 30, 2013) Timerless multitasking Mostly Various IPC and locking scalability improvements (rwsem, mutex, IPC)

4/18/14 7 Changes since April (September 2, 2013) New O_TMPFILE open(2) flag Race-free temporary files Temp area to set up a file before making it visible Experimental Lustre filesystem support Prelim support for NFS 4.2 Low latency network polling (by request)

4/18/14 8 Changes since April (November 2, 2013) Offline data deduplication for btrfs Mysterious graphic performance boost for AMD Radeon Automatic GPU switching Improved timerless multitasking: making the system truly idle Improved locking for virtualized guests Better OOM handling

4/18/14 9 Changes since April (January 19, 2014) Scalable block layer Motivating factors: multi-core, and SSD Nftables (successor to iptables) Radeon power management support Power capping framework Improved NUMA performance

4/18/14 10 Current state of Linux 3.14 (March 30, 2014) Deadline scheduling class Zram memory compression Userspace locking validator Kernel address space randomization PIE: anti-buffer-bloat ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/pie/documents/

4/18/14 11 Heartbeat fact sheet Coded:December 31, 2011 Distributed:March 14, 2012 (OpenSSL v1.0.1) Discovered:(before) March 21, 2014 (Google) Reported (publicly):April 1, 2014 Fixed:April 7, 2014 (OpenSSL v1.0.1g)

4/18/14 12 Vulnerability similarities Morris worm (1988)  Server directed to write more data than it should Heartbeat (2014)  Server directed to read more data than it should

4/18/14 13 Acknowledgements Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Source Group IBM and the IBM logo are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation, in the United States and other countries. Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.

4/18/14 14 Disclaimer Additional details on a particular Linux release can be found at or The opinions expressed are those of Rick Lindsley, not the IBM Corporation. If you disagree with them, please do send me , not them, and calmly explain why you're being so unreasonable.

4/18/14 15 That was the year that was in Linux Pacific Northwest National Laboratories April 18, 2014 Rick Lindsley IBM Linux Technology Center