3.4-3.7 Carbohydrates Pg. 37-39 Objective: I can identify and classify several different types of carbohydrates based on their molecular structures.

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Presentation transcript:

Carbohydrates Pg Objective: I can identify and classify several different types of carbohydrates based on their molecular structures.

 Functions (3)  Supplies energy (energy source/storage)  Structural framework of cells  Chemical messengers (flags on cell’s surface)  Atoms: C, H, O (in a ratio – 1:2:1)  Not perfect, but close ratio…  Simple carbohydrates: monomers, dimers  Complex carbohydrates: polymers C 6 H 12 O 6 C 12 H 22 O 11 C 30 H 50 O 6

 Monomer = monosaccharide  Dimer = disaccharide  Polymer = polysaccharide  “-saccharide”  sugar  How to hook up…? (and tear down…?)

 Polymerize (link up/build) =  dehydration synthesis  Break apart = hydrolysis + H 2 O Bond that forms is called glycosidic link(age)

 Glucose – C 6 H 12 O 6  main sugar!  Fructose – C 6 H 12 O 6 (different structure)  Galactose – C 6 H 12 O 6 (different structure)  Isomers: same formula, different structure  Glucose = most readily used carbs by cell to provide energy (energy stored in C-H bonds) suffix = “-ose” (sugar names end in -ose)

 While can draw as a linear carbon skeleton, monosaccharides (incl. glucose) form ring structures in aqueous (water) solutions  isomer? Abbrev. drawing Isomer

 Less easily metabolized (short-term storage)  Sucrose (table sugar) – C 12 H 22 O 11  Glucose + Fructose  Lactose (milk sugar) – C 12 H 22 O 11  Glucose + Galactose  Maltose (malt sugar) – C 12 H 22 O 11  Glucose + Glucose isomers

1) Form to store energy (for longer) – insoluble (but hydrophilic) 2) End up as structures All made of glucose  Starch – energy storage (plants)  Glycogen – energy storage (animals)  Cellulose – structural carb (plants)  Chitin – structural carb (animals) 2 Functions

 Be able to distinguish between categories (descriptions) and actual name (identity)  Starch is a type of  Storage polysaccharide  (Complex) Carbohydrate  Starch is a polysaccharide made out of  Glucose (a monosaccharide)

 Glucose is a type of  Monosaccharide  6-carbon sugar (a.k.a. Hexose)  Simple sugar  Carbohydrate  Don’t forget glucose has a BUNCH of isomers…

 Carbohydrates are a type of  Macromolecule (1 of 4)  All macromolecules are a type of polymer, which means…  made up of monomers, each with own name, depending on macromolecule