Other Chapters From the text by Valvano: Introduction to Embedded Systems: Interfacing to the Freescale 9S12

Chapter 8 Seril and Parallel Port Interfacing 8.1 General Introduction –Mechanical Design of Physical Components –Analog and digital electronics used to connect the physical components. –Low level software that transforms the mechanical and electrical devices into objects that perform the desired tasks.

8.2 Serial Communications Interface, SCI RS232 Protocol Transmitting in Asynchronous Mode Receiving in Asynchronous Mode S12 Details –SCI Baud Rate can be set using the SCI0BD –SCI control register is SCI0BD –Table 8.4 has more details –Program 8.1 shows initialization

8.3 Synchronous Peripheral Interface, SPI Low-bandwidth protocol, up to 100,000 bps SPI Fundamentals SPI Details s12DPS512 Module Routing Register (for port pin configurations) bit DAC (external)

8.4 Scanned Keyboards A scanned interface has switches placed in a row/column matrix

8.5 Parallel Port LCD Interface with the HD44780 LCD Displays are widely used and have replaced most of the “LED” interfaces.

8.6 Binary Actuators Interface –Relays, solenoids, and DC Motors have similar electrical interfaces. –There is a coil that the computer drives (or not drives) current through Electromagnetic and Solid-state Relays

8.7 Pulse-Width Modulation Duty cycle of a fixed frequency digital output wave is changed to provide power in a variable manner.

8.8 Stepper Motors A motor controls the rotational position, instead of the rotational speed.

Ch. 9 Interrupt Programming and Real-Time Systems 9.1 I/O Synchronization –Software Latency –Real-Time System Definition A system that can guarantee a worst case latency. Software Response Time is small and bounded. 9.2 Interrupt concepts –“An interrupt is the automatic transfer of software execution in response to a hardware event that is asynchronous with the software execution.” 9.3 Key Wakeup Interrupts –A wakeup is an interrupt request on the rising/falling of an external input signal.

Ch.9 (cont.) 9.4 Periodic Interrupt Programming 9.5 Real-Time Interrupt (RTI) 9.6 Timer Overflow, Output Compare, and Input Capture 9.7 Pulse Accumulator 9.8 Direct Memory Access 9.9 Hardware Debugging Tools (Logic Analyzer and In-Circuit Emulator or ICE) 9.10 Profiling –A debugging process that collects the time history of strategic variables.

Chapter 10 Numerical Calculations 10.1 Fixed-Point Numbers 10.2 Extended Precision Calculations 10.3 Expression Evaluation 10.4 IEEE Floating-Point Numbers

Ch. 11 Analog I/O Interfacing 11.1 Approximating Continuous Signals in the Digital Domain 11.2 Digital to Analog Conversion 11.3 Music Generation 11.4 Analog to Digital Conversion 11.5 Multiple Access Circular Queues 11.6 Real-Time Data Acquisition 11.7 Control Systems

Ch. 12 Communication Systems 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Reentrant programming and Critical Sections –A program segment is reentrant if it can be concurrently executed by two (or more) threads Interthread Communication and Synchronization 12.4 Serial Port Interface Using Interrupt Synchronization 12.5 Distributed Systems

Ch.12 (cont.) 12.6 Design and Implementation of a Controller Area Network (CAN) –CAN is a high-integrity serial data communication bus that is used for real-time applications. –Speeds up to 1Mbps 12.7 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I 2 C) Interface –2-wire interface (speeds up to kpbs)—Version 1 –Version 2—speeds up to 2.4 Mbps. (not supported by 9S12) 12.8 Wireless Communication (page 470)