Beta Blockers & Their Effect on The Sympathetic Nervous System “The body’s fight-or-flight responses” OR.

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Beta Blockers & Their Effect on The Sympathetic Nervous System “The body’s fight-or-flight responses” OR

Understanding Beta Blocker Pharmacology: #1 Learn the Fight or Flight Response #2 Think opposite Fight or Flight is the body system designed as an emergency response to help you fight an enemy or run away. If this stress response is sustained over time, it becomes harmful. The chief mediator of the fight or flight is epinephrine. Epinephrine is highly active at Beta 1&2 and Alpha 1 receptors

LIVER OR Mo Suga  Mo Energy Hepatocytes Glycogenolysis & Gluconeogenesis Beta Blockade Beta 2 Hepatocytes Decreases Glycogenolysis & Decreases Gluconeogenesis Resulting in poor response to low blood sugar and decreased symptoms

Beta Blockade HEART Beta 1 OR Maintain adequate blood supply to important organs. Heart Rate, AV Conduction, Atrial Contractility/Conduction, Ventricular Contractility/Conduction Increase Heart Rate, AV Conduction, Atrial Contractility/Conduction, Ventricular Contractility/Conduction Decrease

Beta Blockade LUNGS Beta 2 OR Makes breathing easy Bronchial Smooth Muscle Relaxation Bronchial Smooth Muscle Bronchoconstriction **Use with caution in patients with asthma**

KIDNEYS OR Keep that BP up!!! Glomerulus Increase Renin Glomerulus Decrease Renin Beta Blockade Beta 1

STOMACH / INTESTINE Motility and Tone Decrease Beta Blockade Beta 1 OR Allows blood supply and energy to be used elsewhere Motility and Tone Increase

PANCREAS Islet Cells Decreased Secretion Islet Cells Increased Secretion Beta Blockade Beta 2 OR Gets glucose into muscles

Beta Blockade and Diabetes Summary gluconeogenesis and glycolysis Insulin dependent diabetics on beta blockers have a decreased ability to respond to hypoglycemia islet secretion While insulin independent diabetics may have worsening glucose control

BLOOD VESSELS Beta 2 Beta Blockade Coronary, skin & mucous membranes, skeletal muscles, pulmonary, abdominal viscera Constriction Coronary, skin & mucous membranes, skeletal muscles, pulmonary, abdominal viscera Dilation OR Keeping the BP up and the blood where it needs to be Yes, this is counterintuitive, but true!

BLADDER / URETER OR It would be inconvenient to have to find a toilet Detrusor muscle Relax (usually) Beta Blockade Beta 2 Detrusor muscle Contract (usually)

SKELETAL MUSCLE Beta 2 OR So you can throw down…or run away quickly Skeletal Muscle throughout Body Decreased Contractility Decreased Glycogenolysis Skeletal Muscle throughout Body Increased Contractility Glycogenolysis Beta Blockade Could contribute to the asthenia experienced by some patients

Miscellaneous Organs ReceptorActionBeta Blockade Pineal Gland Beta 1 & 2Melatonin SynthesisDecreased Melatonin Synthesis Posterior Pituitary Beta 1ADH SecretionDecreased ADH Secretion Fat Cells Beta 1LipolysisDecreased Lipolysis

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