C3.1: Regional assessment for the North Sea 3.1.1: data compliation 3.1.2: river input data 3.1.3: data on benthic calcification 3.1.4: novel marine air data 3.1.5: VOS line Rotterdam- Bergen 3.1.6: Modelling of carbon transformation 3.1.7: Budget modelling C3.2: Regional assessment for the Mediterranean 3.2.1: data compliation 3.2.2: river input data 3.2.3: data on benthic calcification 3.2.4: novel marine air data 3.2.5: time series sampling and Strait of Gibraltar 3.2.6: Modelling of carbon transformation 3.2.7: Budget modelling C3.3: European Integration 3.3.1: seasonal cycle of atm CO2 above the North Sea 3.3.2: seasonal cycle of atm CO2 above the NW Mediterranean 3.3.3: Inverse atm. Modelling 3.3.4: present day European C-budget 3.3.5: emission discharge reduction scenarios and socio-economic impacts Core theme 3: Quantification of the carbon sources and sinks at the European regional scale

Refinement of tentative European scaling of coastal CO 2 fluxes (Partner 10) Extrapolation of calcification data base toward global scale (WP12 and 14)

Variability and feedbacks of North Sea carbon cycle Consideration of both pelagic and benthic calcifiers 3D basin wide modeling 2001/2002 Variability in the southern North Sea

Further work Optimize the grid size Find appropriate statistical model(s) to analyse the variance Example: ±10 µatm  ±0.14 mol m -2 yr -1, or 11% of the annual flux

Somme Bathymetry Future work: January to June 2007 Implement the CO 2 module in the 3D-MIRO&CO Model (Lacroix et al., 2005) Simulations for the present-day period validated with ULg pCO 2 data base Map regional sources and sinks of CO 2 for different seasons and years and identify the controlling mechanisms Geographical domain of the 3D-MIRO&CO

Future work-2007 Thermogravimetry (TG) + IR – useful tool to distinguish labile (L) and stabile (S) organic matter fractions in sediments. S – L = Return flux. The images show a 3D TG/IR of sedimentary OM Wave length Absorbance Analysis time Wave length Absorbance Analysis time 2 cm depth sediment (10 years old) 40 cm depth sediment sample (150 years old) Stable OM fraction

Return carbon flux from sediments- an important part of Baltic carbon cycle Future work 1. Further work on carbon exchange fluxes (concentrations, water exchange, future scenarios depending on climate changes) Carbon cycle Return Flux

WP13: CO 2 EXCHANGE BETWEEN WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AND ATLANTIC OCEAN. FUTURE WORK -Five more seasonal cruises will be performed in the Strait of Gibraltar during 2007 on board the Moroccan RV Al Amir Moulay Abdallah. March May September December -Generation of a data sets from 3 cruises and a VOS line using Spanish ships in order to consolidate a permanent Timeseries (GIFT: Gibraltar Fixed Timeseries). -Evolution of carbon fluxes through the Strait of Gibraltar.

WP14 Set of emission/discharge factors for future releases of other carbon- containing GHGs (CH 4 ) – scenarios to 2030 presently scenarios for whole Europe and Russia based on EEA projections for GHGs (database and reports) are ready, additional data will be searched analysis of main sources will be provided Inversion modeling of European carbon balance

Thank you very much to Magdalena, Melchor and their team