Lower Appendicular Skeleton

Pelvic Girdle Formed by two ossa coxa (hipbones) and united anteriorly by the symphsis pubis. The pelvic Girdle supports the weight of the body. Supports and protects vital organs.

Ossa Coxae Consists of 3 separate bones. Ilium Ischium Pubis

Ilium Ilium is the largest and uppermost of the 3 pelvic bones Iliac Crest Anterior superior iliac spine Can you feel it? Posterior superior iliac Spine Dimple

Ischium Posterior Inferior component of the os coxae The ischial tuberosity is the bony projection that supports the weight of the body in a sitting position.

Pubis Anterior component Forms the symphysis pubis

Sex Difference in the pelvis To accommodate child birth a females pelvis is… Tilted forward Distance between the anterior superior iliac spine is wider (wider hips) More spherical and wider Symphysis pubis is shallower Pubic arc is wider and more rounded

Lower Extremity Thigh Lower leg Ankle Foot

Thigh Femur is the only bone of the thigh Largest heaviest and strongest bone in the body Takes 2000 lbs per square inch of pressure to fracture the femoral shaft Proximal head articulates with the acetabulum of the os coxa Common site for older people to fracture

Patella (knee cap) Sesamoid bone The patella is a traingular bone with… Base Apex Articular facets.

Functions of the patella Protect the knee joint. Strengthen the tendon within which It is located. Increase the leverage action when this tendon is pulled.

Lower Leg Tibia Fibula The tibia is the larger of the two bones

Tibia (Shinbone) Tibial Tuberosity Medial Malleolus Anterior Crest This is the attachment of the patellar ligament Can you fell it? This is were Interosseous (I.O.) infusion is preformed through the flat bone surface found one finger’s width below the tibial tuberosity Medial Malleolus Can you feel it? Anterior Crest Shin bone Furniture detector

Fibula Long narrow bone This bone is mainly for muscle attachment not for support Lateral malleolus Can you find it?

Ankle 7 tarsal bones Two main bones Talus Calcaneus Heel of the foot

Foot 5 metatarsal bones 14 phalanges within the toes Arches of the foot Support the weight of the body and provide leverage when walking Longitudinal arch Transverse arch

Foot 2 Arches Support the weight of the body and provide leverage when walking Transverse Arch Longitudinal arch

Medical problems associated with the pelvic girdle and lower leg Club foot (talipes) Fractures (read Does a broken bone heal so it’s stronger than before?) Femoral Hip Patella Tibia Fibula Ankle

Club Foot The sole of the foot is twisted medially This is a congenital (inherited) problem

Femoral Fracture

Tibial Fracture

Fibula Fracture

Ankle Fracture

Patella Fracture