Naming Saturated Hydrocarbons Aliphatic Straight and Branched Alkanes

Alkanes At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Define an alkane 2. Name, write and draw various alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules

Familiar Sayings The individual of the class aves, arriving before the appointed time, seizes the invertebrate animal of the group vermes. The early bird catches the worm!

What are Alkanes? Saturated hydrocarbons Can be straight or with branches The general formula for each alkane is: (C n H 2n+2 )

Some Simple Alkanes (C n H 2n+2 ) 2-methyl- propane

Materials in Your Kit Make certain your kit contains the following in the right location. If it does not, the previous user will be marked at least 1 point off their next assignment grade each day there is a problem. You are to work with the kit assigned to your lab drawer. 10 black spheres -carbon \ small side 2 blue spheres - nitrogen / 2 blue spheres - nitrogen / 28 yellow spheres -hydrogen \ 6 red spheres - oxygen \ 4 green spheres - chlorine \ large side 2 orange spheres -bromine / or fluorine /(all colors 2 purple spheres -iodine /together)

Materials in Your Kit 30 small wooden pegs -H bonds only \ 10 large wooden pegs - other single bonds \ 9 metal springs -double or triple bonds / or stress bonds / or stress bonds / Place all of these materials in the center section of your kit.

Grading The first student lab team that has the structure correct will be initialed by me and receive an extra one-half point. These students will then have their names placed on the board and will be teaching assistants for that organic structure. They will be responsible to grade and initial the structures of other lab teams. Each structure that is designed and named by you is worth 0.5 points. It is best if you put your constructions in the box lid to carry to the instructor or the teaching assistant for that structure. The following is the grading criteria:

Grading 1 point = graded by the instructor and perfect, this team assists in grading, may have one 1 point grade and assist with only one structure (RWT with a + ) 0.5 points = other perfect scores (RWT or other initials of student assistants) 0.5 points= (assistants can only give this) 0 points = wrong pegs were used (RWT or other initials of student assistants) 0 points = 1 mistake in the structure or wrong name (RWT or other initials of student assistants)

Calvin’s Thoughts on the Season:

Name Side Chains as Alkyl Groups

A.P. TEST IN MUSIC Write a piano concerto. Orchestrate and perform it with flute and drum. You may use the flute that you received in third grade.

Find The Longest Chain With The Greatest Number Of Substituents Not pentane!!

Look for Longest Chain with Most Substituents Number the Longest Chain so the Substituents have the Lowest Numbers

The IUPAC Rules 1.Find the longest carbon chain and name that chain 2.Number the chain so the substituent groups have the lowest total position numbers 3.Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a name and a number 4.Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically 5.Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6) 6.Halogen substituent groups are named “halo” groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo 7.Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers and letters

Examples: CH 3 -CH-CH 3 | CH 3 2-methylpropane C-C-C | C Skeletal Structure Condensed Structure Complete Structure

Examples: CH 3 -CH 2 -CH-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 | CH 3 -CH 2 CH 3 -CH-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH-CH 2 -CH 3 | | CH 3 CH 3 3-ethylheptane 2,7-dimethylnonane

7th Grade Science Answers "Mushrooms always grow in damp places and so they look like umbrellas."

Examples: CH 3 --CH--CH 2 ---C---CH--CH 2 --CH 2 --CH 3 | CH 3 -CH 2 4-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyloctane CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 | | |

Examples: CH C-----C-----C-----C-----CH 3 | | | | CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 | | CH 3 CH 3 3,3,4,4-tetraethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane CH 3 CH 3 | | CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 | | | |

Alkanes Let’s see if you can: 1. Define an alkane 2. Name, write and draw various alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules

The n-Alkanes home heating alcohol production gas grills flick your bic dry cleaners 5-6 gasoline 7-9 kerosene ~ 12 motor oil ~ 16 petroleum jelly 20 tar ~ 25 wax ~ 40

Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the Following: All are “pentanes”

Try Naming this One:

Another Why - Maxine Why isn't the number 11 pronounced onety-one?

The IUPAC Rules 1.Find the longest carbon chain and name that chain 2.Number the chain so the substituent groups have the lowest total position numbers 3.Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a name and a number 4.Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically 5.Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6) 6.Halogen substituent groups are named “halo” groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo 7.Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers and letters

Naming Saturated Hydrocarbons Aliphatic Branched Alkanes Isomers

Isomers of Alkanes At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Define an isomer 2. Name, write and draw various isomers of alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules

Definition: Isomers are organic compounds that have the same formula but different structure. These structures will have completely different properties.

Examples of Isomers of Butane: All Compounds are C 4 H 10 CH 3 -CH-CH 3 | CH 3 2-methylpropane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 1,1-dimethylethane butane CH 3 | CH 3 -CH | CH 3 2-methylpropane

Familiar Sayings Compute not your immature gallinaceans prior to their being produced. Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched!!

Examples of Isomers of Pentane: All Compounds are C 5 H 12 CH 3 -CH-CH 2 -CH 3 | CH 3 2-methylbutane CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 2,2-dimethylpropane pentane CH 3 | CH 3 -C-CH 3 | CH 3 What about 3-methylbutane?

Bill Gates' Rules Here is a list of 11 things that many high school and college graduates did not learn in school. In his book, Bill Gates talks about how feel-good, politically- correct teachings created a full generation of kids with no concept of reality and how this concept has set them up for failure in the real world. RULE 11 Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.

Classification of H’s & C’s

Bonus Problem:

Another Tough One:

Isomers of Alkanes Let’s see if you can: 1. Define an isomer 2. Name, write and draw various isomers of alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules

Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the Following: For All Hexanes Hexane2-methylpentane3-methylpentane4-methylpentane 2, 3-dimethylbutane 2, 2-dimethylbutane 2-ethylbutane

Definition: Isomers are organic compounds that have the same formula but different structure. These structures will have completely different properties. Let’s see if you can build and name some isomers now!!

The IUPAC Rules 1.Find the longest carbon chain and name that chain 2.Number the chain so the substituent groups have the lowest total position numbers 3.Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a name and a number 4.Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically 5.Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6) 6.Halogen substituent groups are named “halo” groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo 7.Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers and letters