 The exact spot where something is on the earth. Usually expressed in longitude and latitude.

 The directions between the cardinal directions. They are: Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest

 The line of longitude at 0*

 Northern line of latitude at 23*26’ representing the farthest North where the Sun is closest to the Earth.

 Southern line of latitude at 23*26’ representing the farthest South where the Sun is closest to the Earth.

 Lines running east- west around the earth that measure a places distance from the equator.

 The four directions used to express where something on earth is in relation to something else. They are: North, East, South, West

 The ratio of a single unit of distance on the map to the equal distance on ground.

 The decomposition of earth’s rocks, soils, and minerals through contact with other elements.

 A large landmass on Earth. There are seven: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.

 Visual representations of an area.

 Any method of representing the surface of a 3D objection in 2D. Types include Mercator, Robinson, Conic, and Great Circle.

 The differences in elevation and slope between the higher and lower parts of the land

 The line of latitude at 0*

 Lines running north- south around the earth that measure a places distance from the prime-meridian.

 Any half of the earth. Could be: North, South, East, or West

 A places location on earth relative to another. For example: 5 miles past the McDonald’s.

 Northern most point on the earth’s surface. Located at 90*N. From here, any direction would be south.

 Southern most point on the earth’s surface. Located at 90*S. From here, any direction would be north.

 The dozen or so plates that make up the surface of the Earth.

 The study of the earth’s surface, including climate, elevation, soil, vegetation, population, land use, and more

 The movement of the Earth’s continents relative to each other.

 A 3-D scale representation of the earth.

 The study and practice of making representations of the Earth on a flat surface.

 A type of map characterized by large-scale detailed representation of relief of the earth

 Network of horizontal and perpendicular lines, uniformly spaced, for locating points on a map or chart.