©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2/e PPTPPT

©2007 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Designing Oral Presentations McGraw-Hill/Irwin

3 Speak Up The Fear Factor How Can I Reduce Speech Anxiety? Practicing and rehearsing a speech can help to reduce your anxiety and build your confidence during delivery. © Keith Brofsky/Getty Images

4 Choosing a Speech Topic What Should I Talk About? What about a Really Big Topic? Main idea ◦central point you want to make with your audience that will run through the entire message

5 Speech Goals Speeches:  Informative  Persuasive  Requesting  Entertaining and special occasion

6 Doing Your Homework Who Is My Audience? Customized presentation ◦carefully planned speech that is tailored to the specific needs, knowledge, perspectives, and background of an audience

7 Doing Your Homework What’s the Occasion? Where Do I Look for Information? Using the Right Language

8 Doing Your Homework Practice Your Spoken Language  Be clear  Personalize language  Adapt sentence grammar  Decrease sentence length  Avoid jargon  Active voice Timing and Location

9 Doing Your Homework © Ryan McVay/Getty Images FIGURE 7.1The Speech Location

10 Organizing Your Speech Introduction ◦brief opening opportunity to preview the main topic idea, establish credibility, and present a positive first impression

11 Organizing Your Speech Introduction (continued) 1. Get their attention Creative speaking ◦art of gaining the audience’s interest by using entertaining speaking methods

12 Organizing Your Speech Introduction (continued) 1. Get their attention (continued)  Anecdote  Ask a question  Examples  Use a quotation  Startling or surprising remarks  Humor

13 Organizing Your Speech Introduction (continued) 2. Give them a reason to listen 3. Establish credibility 4. Relate to the audience and the occasion

14 Organizing Your Speech Late night talk show host Jay Leno routinely uses humor to capture his audience’s attention. As a professional comic, Leno finds humor an ideal attention getter. But other techniques may be more appropriate for your particular audience. © Reuters/CORBIS

15 Organizing Your Speech Body ◦substance of a speech that explains main ideas and backs them up with supporting details Secondary ideas ◦support your main ideas

16 Organizing Your Speech Body (continued)  Chronological  Topical  Spatial  Cause and effect  Problem and solution

17 Organizing Your Speech Conclusion ◦ties together main points, inspires a next step, and provides a strong sense of closure  Connect your main points  Inspire a next step  Give a sense of closure

18 Organizing Your Speech Don’t Forget Transitions Transitions ◦key words or short sentences that bridge one idea to another, the speech’s introduction to the body and the conclusion, or one speaker to the next

19 Organizing Your Speech Don’t Forget Transitions (continued)  Ideas  Introduction of next speaker  Contrasts and comparisons

20 Visual Aids Increase message clarity Visually demonstrate and explain more than words Increase audience interest Dramatically extend audience recall of speech information

21 Using Electronic Presentation Software Planning Your Presentation Can PowerPoint Take the Pressure Off Me? Formatting PowerPoint Slides Handouts Common PowerPoint Problems

22 Using Electronic Presentation Software Common PowerPoint Problems (continued) Practice Using PowerPoint  Slide content fully visible  Check presentation equipment  Present only one main idea per slide  Use both text and graphical illustrations  Only highlight main points of message

23 Using Electronic Presentation Software Common PowerPoint Problems (continued) Practice Using PowerPoint (continued)  Use software tools  Show visual aid only when discussing it  Give audience moment to understand slide  Don’t let slides steal the show

24 Types of Speech Delivery Impromptu ◦speeches are unexpected and off the cuff Manuscript ◦speech is written word for word and read aloud

25 Types of Speech Delivery Extemporaneous ◦speaking is planned and rehearsed but not memorized Memorized ◦speech involves memorizing a speech word for word

26 After the Speech What If the Audience Disagrees with Me? ◊frame message to be persuasive ◊not threatening What If I Can’t Answer a Question? ◊rephrase the question ◊don’t know but will research

27 Questions