Chapter 3 & 4: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Communities Ms. Wasilewski Biology

 Do Now 1.What are abiotic factors? Give two examples. 2.What are biotic factors? Give two examples. 3. Which of the following statements about a controlled experiment is true? a)all the variables must be kept the same b)only one variable is tested at a time c)everything can be studied by setting up a controlled experiment d)controlled experiments cannot be performed on living things Non living factors. Rocks, rain Living factors.Plants, animals Fair Test One factor changes, all others stay the same!!!

Homework and Announcements Due: Worksheets 3.1, 4.1 Homework: Read/Notes 4.3,4.4,4.5 Ecosystem Drawing (label abiotic and biotic factors)

Title: Ecology L.O. SWBAT compare and describe abiotic and biotic factors in a biome.

3.1 What is ecology? The study of interactions among organisms The study of interactions among organisms They study the biosphere – from Earth’s atmosphere to the trenches of the ocean and everything in- between They study the biosphere – from Earth’s atmosphere to the trenches of the ocean and everything in- between

What is ecology? These interactions are interdependent: between environments, everything is connected These interactions are interdependent: between environments, everything is connected We are constantly changing our surroundings by our habits (eating, driving, creating houses, etc). We are constantly changing our surroundings by our habits (eating, driving, creating houses, etc).

Levels of Organization OrganismPopulationCommunityEcosystemBiomePlanet Earth Species: group of similar organisms that can breed and reproduce Group of species Different populations together All organisms in an area & their non-living parts Group of ecosystems that share similar climates and organisms

Levels of Organization

Biotic vs. Abiotic Biotic: Living -Ex: Animals, plants, bacteria Biotic: Living -Ex: Animals, plants, bacteria Abiotic: Non-living -Ex: Sunlight, water, heat, soil What levels of organization include abiotic factors?

Think about it…. Biotic vs. Abiotic Would bean seeds grow better in sand or soil?? Would bean seeds grow better in sand or soil?? What are some abiotic factors you can find it soil that you can’t find in sand? What are some abiotic factors you can find it soil that you can’t find in sand?

Energy, Producers & Consumers We need energy in order to survive… to get out of bed in the morning! We need energy in order to survive… to get out of bed in the morning! You can get your energy from a poptart, but where did the poptart get it? You can get your energy from a poptart, but where did the poptart get it?

Energy, Producers & Consumers The ultimate source of energy is the sun! Photosynthesis: Plants converting energy from the sun into “food” The ultimate source of energy is the sun! Photosynthesis: Plants converting energy from the sun into “food” Sometimes, organisms get energy from chemicals: Chemosynthesis Bacteria that use sulfur deep in the ocean, or in volcanoes. Sometimes, organisms get energy from chemicals: Chemosynthesis Bacteria that use sulfur deep in the ocean, or in volcanoes.

Energy, Producers & Consumers Autotrophs: use solar / chemical energy to produce “food”. “Food” is an inorganic substance turned organic (now contains Carbon) “Food” is an inorganic substance turned organic (now contains Carbon) Primary Producers Primary Producers They store this energy to pass on to others. Without them, our ecosystem wouldn’t have any energy and you wouldn’t have any food!

Reminder! Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be transferred and converted!!

Energy, Producers & Consumers We cannot make our own energy, we have to get it from other organisms -Known as Heterotrophs or Consumers We cannot make our own energy, we have to get it from other organisms -Known as Heterotrophs or Consumers

Energy, Producers and Consumers Different kinds of Consumers: Carnivores: kill and eat other animals (lion) Scavengers: eat bodies of dead animals (hyenas) Decomposers: break down organic matter (bacteria) Herbivores: eat plant parts Different kinds of Consumers: Carnivores: kill and eat other animals (lion) Scavengers: eat bodies of dead animals (hyenas) Decomposers: break down organic matter (bacteria) Herbivores: eat plant parts (birds) Omnivores: eat both plants and animals (us) Detritivores: eat decomposers (shrimp)

Summary 5 Minutes of Silent Writing Time (Example sentence starters) Today I learned how to compare and discuss… The law of conservation of energy says… Organisms transfer energy by….