Volcanoes?!

What did you notice??

Regrowth!

Krakatoa & Plants What happened over time with the ecology of Krakatoa?

Succession Succession is the changes that take place in a community as it gets older Primary and Secondary Climax community is the last or final stage of succession – Little change in species

Ecological Succession

Primary…  No top soil…yet  Bare rock  Very slow progression

Primary…  Soil begins to form from decaying material  As more “soil” is formed, more plants are able to grow

Primary Succession Establishment of a community on exposed rock w/o topsoil – Pioneer species (lichens/mosses) create soil by breaking down rocks Rock, bare soil, weeds and annual plants, grasses, small plants, Forest

Secondary  Soil is still present though!  What type of plants grow first?  Is this a quick or slow thing?

Secondary Succession Disturbance disrupts a community – Fire, flood, windstorm, etc – Soil and some species remain New plants/animals may take over at first – Natural tendency for species of mature community to return – weeds and annual plants, grasses, small plants, Forest

Check Your Knowledge Which type of succession is faster? A: Secondary! There is already soil present and areas nearby will help populate it

Pond Succession Lake, pond, marsh, dry land, weeds and annual plants, grasses, small plants, Forest

Biomes Climates – Average weather conditions, temp., precipitation 3 main climate zones: Polar = cold areas Temperate = hot to cold seasons Tropical = direct sunlight, always warm

Community Def. – interacting populations in an area at the same time Different organisms occupy different biomes – Different adaptations – Different communities around the world

Limiting Factors… Anything that prevents the number, reproduction, distribution, growth of an organism – Abiotic – Biotic – Sunlight, food, temperature, acidity of soil

Tolerance – ability of an organism to survive when subjected to limiting factors – Upper and lower limit = range

Review! Ecological Succession –