Native Canadians Came to North America around 30,000 years ago The Inuit: Came from Asia 12,000 years ago Came to Canada across the Bering Strait (land bridge) or by boat Came from Siberia, Russia, Asia Have own form of government

Live in the north part of Canada Territories of Yukon Northwest Nunavut Near the Arctic Circle Skilled hunters and diet consists of mostly meat 1999—Canada’s government gave the Inuit Nunavut Territory in northeast Canada

First explorers to settle Canada were Vikings invaders from the Scandinavian Peninsula In 1000 AD, they built a town on the northeast coast of Canada & established a trading relationship with the Inuit The Vikings deserted the settlement for unknown reasons It took another 500 years for Europeans to return…

England was looking for a way to China and India (Northwest Passage) Hudson- Explored Hudson Bay Region (Canadian Shield) Claimed Canada for England Italian explorer John Cabot, sailed to Canada’s east coast in 1497 Cabot claimed an area of land for England & named it Newfoundland

British colonized region south of New France Wanted to control fur trade Led to the French and Indian War in 1754… After the war, France had to give British control of all lands east of the Mississippi River, except for 2 islands off of Newfoundland

They were looking for a way to China and India (Northwest Passage) 2 explorers Cartier- explored St. Lawrence Region in 1534 Claimed for France. Champlain- explored Quebec Traded with the Indians

European fur traders were joined by French farmers, merchants, and missionaries from the Catholic Church Brought with them French laws, traditions, & religion France only allowed Catholics to New France

Most English speaking citizens lived in Upper Canada (Ontario) Most French speaking citizens lived in Lower Canada (Quebec)

French Canadians & British Canadians realized that they hated being under British rule They thought that Great Britain was too far away to understand their economic & political needs Sounds familiar?

1837—Canadians began to rebel against British control 1841—Upper & Lower Canada were united, establishing the Province of Canada

Created a federation union of Canada Joined four colonies (Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, & Nova Scotia) with a unifying constitution

After WWII, tensions between French and British grew. French Canadians felt they were treated unfairly and their culture was under attack. In Quebec, some people rebelled against the English influence. Quebec remained a Canadian provinces. French culture is a formal part of Canadian society Continue to challenge Canadian society.

Canada has a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy Where the power of the king or queen is limited by a constitution. And the citizens can vote on their elected officials in parliament Canada also uses a federal system to balance power between the federal government and the provinces and territories governments.

Canada has a mixed economy NAFTA ( North America Free Trade Agreement): An agreement made in 1994 between Canada, the United States and Mexico. Eliminated all trade barriers between the countries in an effort to increase profit and trade. Resulted in one BILLION dollars of goods trade between the Canadian- Us border EVERY day!

Directions: Choose your event and write what it is in the CIRCLE on the top of the historical marker. Next, write a short description of the event. Then, write a brief opinion statement on why you think that this event is important to Canada’s history. At the bottom, write the place where your marker will be located (province, territory, city, physical feature, etc). Draw an illustration that symbolizes your event. Color your historical marker. Please do not leave any white space!