KINGDOM PLANTAE

What is a Plant? Multicellular and Eukaryotic

Have cells walls made of cellulose

Carry out photosynthesis (autotrophs)

Examples: Trees, shrubs, grasses, mosses, ferns, flowering plants, etc.

What a plant needs to survive Sunlight for photosynthesis

Water & Minerals

Gas exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide for respiration & photosynthesis

Ability to move water & nutrients throughout the plant

PARTS OF A PLANT STEMS Produce leaves, branches & flowers

Hold leaves up to the sunlight

Transport substances between roots and leaves (through veins)

PARTS OF A PLANT Veins in a plant are called VASCULAR TISSUE

There are 2 types of Vascular Tissue: 1. Xylem – transports water from roots to the rest of the plant

2. Phloem – transports sugars and other nutrients throughout a plant

VEINS - CARRY WATER, MINERALS AND SUGARS THROUGH THE PLANT

THREE TYPES OF VENATION: PINNATE PALMATE PARALLEL

ROOTS –absorb water and nutrients and anchor the plant to the ground

TWO TYPES OF ROOTS: FIBROUS (Clump of short, threadlike roots) TAPROOT (Single, large central root)

Leaves – where light is absorbed and photosynthesis is carried out BLADE VEIN PETIOLE

Types of Leaves Simple LeafCompound Leaf

Leaves Stomata are pores or holes in the epidermis of the leaf that allow gas exchange

Carbon dioxide comes in through the opening and oxygen leaves through the pore This is important for photosynthesis to occur

Guard cells on each side of the stomata control its opening and closing

Water is also lost through the stomata in a process called transpiration, so plants only leave stomata open long enough to do photosynthesis

Picture of Stomata & Guard Cells Label this picture on your paper

More Pictures of Stomata Above: Diagram of how stomata open and close Below: Real picture of stomata

3 TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES DERMAL – protection for the plant (waxy coating)

VASCULAR – transport tissue XYLEM PHLOEM

GROUND TISSUE – contains cells that perform photosynthesis

PLANT NAMES PLANTS ARE OFTEN NAMED BY WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE:

BROWN-EYED SUSAN

SUNFLOWER

MILKWEED

WINE CUP

CAT TAILS

WEEPING WILLOW

WHY WE NEED PLANTS WE ARE DEPENDENT ON PLANTS FOR: 1. OXYGEN PRODUCTION 2. FOOD SOURCE – WE RELY ON PRODUCERS

TYPES OF TROPISMS (PLANT RESPONSES)

1. Phototropism Process where plants respond to light stimulus by growing in the direction of available light Leaves and stems respond positively to light, meaning that they grow toward it A plant’s roots respond negatively to light, growing away from it

2. Thigmotropism Process where plants respond to touch or physical contact with an object Some plants respond to touch or other stimuli, such as a high wind, by folding up their leaves A vine’s roots exhibit a positive response to touch when their roots cling to the side of a building or their tendrils wrap around an object

3. Geotropism Process where a plant responds to gravity Roots have a positive response to gravity and grow downward into the soil Leaves and stems have a negative response to gravity and grow upward against its effects.

Examples of Tropism Thigmotropism Geotropism Phototropism

Photo sites httphttp:// ://