THE UDHR-1948 AN INTRODUCTION  SUPPORTING BASE DOCUMENT IS THE UN CHARTER  AS PART OF THE INTRNATIONAL BILL OF HUMAN RIGHTS (IBHR) The idea of bringing out a ‘bill’ for the mankind is borrowed from the earlier two bills:- the French and the American The idea of bringing out a ‘bill’ for the mankind is borrowed from the earlier two bills:- the French and the American  THE IBHR CONTAINS – THE UDHR [1948] –THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS (ICCPR) [1966] –THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS (ICESCR) [1966]

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS MAGNA CARTA 1215 – freedom from arb. arrest, right to life, to propertyMAGNA CARTA 1215 – freedom from arb. arrest, right to life, to property ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS 1688 – right to fair trialENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS 1688 – right to fair trial HABEAS CORPUS ACT 1679 – personal freedomHABEAS CORPUS ACT 1679 – personal freedom AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE – 1776AMERICAN DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE – 1776 AMERICAN CONSTITUTION – 1787 creation of limited governmentAMERICAN CONSTITUTION – 1787 creation of limited government AMERICAN BILL OF RIGHTS – 1791 ten amendmentsAMERICAN BILL OF RIGHTS – 1791 ten amendments FRANCH DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN FRANCH DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN EVENTS EVENTS  BRITISH EVOLUTION OF RIGHTS  AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE  FRENCH REVOLUTION  TWO WORLD WARS  ANNIHILATION OF JEWS.  IMPERIALISM THINKERS THINKERS GREEKS AND STOICS, St. THOMAS AQUINAS, HUGO GROTIUS, THOMAS HOBBES, JOHN LOCKE

PROVISIONS OF THE UDHR CLASSIFICATION OF THE PROVISIONS CLASSIFICATION OF THE PROVISIONS  GENERAL [ART. 1 and 2] – Equality, liberty and dignity of the individual. Responsibility of the international community to protect rights.  CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS [ART. 3-21]  ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS [ART ]  CONCLUDING PROVISIONS [ART.28-30]

IMPORTANCE OF THE DECLARATION  It is universal.  It serves as a common standard for all.  It makes violation of rights an international concern.  It influenced the constitutions of all countries.  Creation of monitoring agencies under the ICCPR, the ICESCR and other treaties like CAT, CERD, CEDAW and CRC.