From Bacteria Plants to Chapter 1 Section 1: What is Life?

Section 1: What is life? Objectives  After this lesson, you should be able to:  List the characteristics of all living things  Identify what all living things need to survive.

Section 1: What is Life? Vocab  1. organism A living thing.

 2. cell The basic unit of structure and function in an organism.

 3. unicellular A type of organism that is made up of a single cell.

 4. multicellular A type of organism that is made up of many cells.

 5. development The process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism.

 6. stimulus A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react.

 7. response An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.

 8. reproduce The production of offspring that are similar to the parents.

 9. spontaneous generation The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources  Pg. 19  Read pgs Exploring the Experiments of Redi and Pasteur.  Discuss variables in the two experiments.

 10. controlled experiment An experiment in which all factors are identical except one.

 11. manipulated variable The one factor that a scientist changes during an experiment.

 12. autotroph An organism that makes its own food.

 13. heterotroph An organism that cannot make its own food.

 14. homeostasis The maintenance of stable internal conditions despite changes in the surroundings.

Notes  1. All living things have: –A –B –C –D –E –F Cellular organization Similar chemicals Use energy Grow and develop Respond to their surroundings Reproduce

 2. The most abundant chemical in cells is____________________________ water

 3. Other chemicals in cells include: –A. –B. –C. –D. carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids

 4. The four basic needs of all living things are: –A. –B. –C. –D. Energy Water Living space Stable internal conditions

From Plants to Bacteria Chapter 1 Section 2: The Origin of Life

Section 2: The Origin of Life Objectives  After this lesson, you should be able to:  Compare the atmosphere of early Earth with today’s atmosphere  State how scientists hypothesize that life arose on early Earth

 15. fossil The trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock or other substance.

Notes  1. _____________________ and _______________________ are the major gases in our present day atmosphere. nitrogen oxygen

 2. The oldest fossil of bacteria like cells are believed to be about _____________ years old. _____________ years old. 3.4 to 3.5 billion

 Science Extension- we will be studying the theories on the Origins of Life!  Be there!  Be there!

From Plants to Bacteria Chapter 1 Section 3: Classifying Organisms

Section 3: Classifying Organisms Objectives  After this lesson, you should be able to:  Explain why scientists organize living things into groups.  Explain the relationship between classification and evolution.  Describe early classification systems, including that of Linnaeus  Name the seven levels of classification used by scientists.

 16. classification The process of grouping things based on their similarities.

 17. taxonomy The scientific study of how living things are classified.

 18. binomial nomenclature The naming system for organisms in which each organism is given a two-part name—a genus name and a species name.

 19. genus A classification grouping that consists of a number of similar, closely related species. What's in a Name?

 20. species A group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring in nature. What's in a Name?

 21. evolution The process by which species gradually change over time.

 22. taxonomic key A series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms.

Notes  1. __________________ use_________________ to _________________living things so that they are easier to study. Biologists classification organize

 2. _________________ was the first scientist to classify animals. He classified based on the _______________________________. Greek scholar Aristotle appearance, behavior, and movement

 3. The 7 levels of Classification: –A. –B. –C. –D. –E. –F. –G. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

 4. ____________________ first proposed the theory of evolution. Video: w w w Charles Darwin

 5. Species with similar___________________ are classified more closely together. Evolutionary histories

From Plants to Bacteria Chapter 1 Section 4: The Six Kingdoms

 After this lesson, you should be able to:  Name and describe the six kingdoms into which all organisms are grouped.

Vocab  23. prokaryote An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures

 24. nucleus The dense area in a eukaryotic cell that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct the cell’s activities.

 25. eukaryote An organism with cells that contain nuclei and other cell structures.

Notes  1. The six kingdoms of classification –A. –B. –C. –D. –E. –F. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals

 2. Organisms are placed in a kingdom based on ___________________, ____________________ and ________________________. Cell type their ability to make food the number of cells in their bodies

 3. Fill out the chart using the six kingdoms and appropriate vocabulary terms. KingdomNucleus?Food?Cells? Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals unicelled Unicelled or multicelled multicelled heterotrough autotrough heterotrough Autotrough or heterotrough prokaryote eukaryote prokaryote Autotrough or heterotrough unicelled