DNA Replication. Chromosome E. coli bacterium Bases on the chromosome DNA is very long!... but it is highly folded packed tightly to fit into the cell!

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chromosomes and DNA Replication
Advertisements

Copying DNA 12.3 DNA Replication. Which color is the sugar? Which color is phosphate? If yellow is cytosine, what color is guanine? If green is adenine,
Slide 1 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication 12–2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication.
Biology pgs Chapter 12 Section 2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication.
 Genes carry information from one generation to the next  Genes determine the heritable characteristics of organisms  Genes can be replicated or copied.
DNA Replication How does each cell have the same DNA? How is a prokaryote different than a eukaryote?
The Components and Structure of DNA DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA. DNA History Hershey-Chase – Concluded that the genetic material in bacteria was DNA not proteins Watson & Crick – created the double helix model.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid. History of DNA Early scientists thought protein was the cell’s hereditary material because it was more complex than DNA Proteins.
DNA & Replication Notes
12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication
Chromosomes and DNA Replication hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapter3/animation__dna_replication_ _quiz_1_.html.
Chromosomes and DNA Replication DNA & Chromosomes Prokaryotes - Lack nuclei and cellular organelles Have single circular DNA molecule Contains nearly.
12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication
End Show 12–2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication Slide 1 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Pages DNA REPLICATION.
12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication
NOTES: 12.2 – 12.3 DNA Structure & Replication
DNA STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION. DNA A NUCLEIC ACID MADE OF TWO STRANDS OF NUCLEOTIDES WOUND TOGETHER IN A SPIRAL CALLED A DOUBLE HELIX NUCLEOTIDE COMPOSED.
Slide 1 of 21 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication 12–2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication.
CHROMOSOMES & DNA REPLICATION DNA WHERE IS DNA FOUND IN THE CELL? IN PROKARYOTIC CELLS, DNA IS LOCATED IN THE CYTOPLASM. MOST PROKARYOTES HAVE.
Chromosomes and DNA replication. Procaryotes : DNA is in the cytoplasm, circular Chromosome E. Coli Bacterium Bases on the Chromosomes.
Chapter 12 DNA and RNA.
Chromosomes & DNA Replication. Memory Refresher!! What is DNA? –Deoxyribonucleic acid/molecule to store and transmit genetic information What THREE things.
12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication 12–2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication.
DNA Replication.
DNA: Structure and Replication DNA DNA. DNA is often called the blueprint of life. DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell.
INTERACTIVE NOTES PGS CHROMOSOMES & DNA REPLICATION.
DNA Replication How does each cell have the same DNA? How is a prokaryote different than a eukaryote?
CHROMOSOMES & DNA REPLICATION THE SOURCE OF GENETIC INFORMATION MURTAUGH 1B LIVING ENVIRONMENT.
DNA Structure and Replication Chapter 9, pgs
DNA Structure Analysis Questions Answered
DNA Structure DNA: deoxyribose nucleic acid
DNA Replication.
12–2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication
CHROMOSOMES & DNA REPLICATION
12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication
DNA Structure and Replication
DNA: Blueprint for Life
DNA Replication.
DNA Structure Analysis Questions Answered
Chapter 12 Section 3 DNA Replication
1.The shape of a DNA strand is called?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chromosomes and DNA Replication
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Warm Up 3 2/3 What does DNA replication mean?
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
DNA Replication.
BIOLOGY NOTES GENETICS PART 6 PAGES
Review about DNA.
DNA DNA = DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
BIOLOGY NOTES GENETICS PART 6 PAGES
DNA.
12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication
DNA Replication Goal: Students will be able to summarize the events of DNA replication.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Presentation transcript:

DNA Replication

Chromosome E. coli bacterium Bases on the chromosome DNA is very long!... but it is highly folded packed tightly to fit into the cell! For example, a human cell contains more than 1 meter of DNA made of more than 3 X 10 9 base pairs! Go to Section:

DNA Structure Double helix made of nucleotides – instructions for life Each nucleotide is made of three part – phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar and a nitrogen base

Nucleotide Base Pairing Four bases – A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine), T (Thymine) – A will always bond with T – C will always bond with G

Eukaryotic Chromosomes Contain DNA and proteins called histones Tightly packed DNA and proteins form chromatin During mitosis, the chromatin condenses to form tightly packed chromosomes

Figure Chromosome Structure of Eukaryotes Chromosome Supercoils Coils Nucleosome Histones DNA double helix Section 12-2 Go to Section:

Watson & Crick again Earlier: Discovered double helix of DNA Then: DNA can be copied or replicated, because each strand of the DNA double helix has all the information needed to reconstruct the other half by way of base pairing – The strands are complementary!

DNA Replication The process of making a copy of the DNA Occurs inside the nucleus of the cell Occurs when the cell is going to divide so each resulting cell will have a complete set of DNA During DNA replication, the DNA separates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing. Each strand serves as a template, or model, for the new strand. Replication occurs in both directions The site where separation occurs is called the replication fork

DNA Replication The two strands of DNA unwind or “unzip” breaking the hydrogen bonds and separating. Then each strand becomes the guide or “template” for the making of a new strand. A protein called an enzyme called DNA polymerase breaks the nitrogen base bonds and the two strands of DNA separate, polymerizes individual nucleotides to produce DNA and “proof reads” the new DNA. The bases on each strand pair up with new bases found in the cytoplasm Then the sugar and phosphate groups form the sides of each new DNA strand Each new DNA molecule contains an original DNA strand and a new DNA strand (semi conservative model)

Figure 12–11 DNA Replication Section 12-2 Go to Section: Growth Replication fork DNA polymerase New strand Original strand DNA polymerase Nitrogenous bases Replication fork Original strand New strand

STEP 1 Two original strands of DNA separates by unwinding This occurs through the action of an enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the strands The two areas on either end where the DNA separates is the REPLICATION FORK Replication fork

STEP 2 At the replication fork, DNA polymerase moves along the DNA Strands adding nucleotides As DNA polymerase moves along two strands of DNA form

Step 3 DNA Polymerase continues until all the nucleotides have been added Two new identical molecules of DNA are formed Another enzyme connects all the pieces of DNA together

Proofreading At the end of Replication, DNA polymerase goes through the DNA to make sure there are no errors This prevents mistakes in the DNA sequences Mutations- Change in the sequence of the DNA

Like a Zipper….

Figure 12–11 DNA Replication Section 12-2 Go to Section: Growth Replication fork DNA polymerase New strand Original strand DNA polymerase Nitrogenous bases Replication fork Original strand New strand