HAVE BACKBONES AND SKULL BONES Vertebrates B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Animals such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals have backbones B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Scientist classify vertebrates into several main groups: Fish: Jawless Fish Cartilage Fish Bony Fish AmphibiansReptilesBirdsMammals B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Fish Three groups: 1. jawless fish 2. cartilage fish 3. bony fish A fish has: scaly skin, gills, heart with two chambers Most fish have fins. All fish live in water and are cold-blooded animals. cold-blooded: changes with the temperature of its environment scales: thin, overlapping pieces of bonelike material that covers the bodies of most fish. Forms a protective covering. B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Amphibians Cold-blooded vertebrates Have a heart with three chambers Live part of their lives in water and part on land Lay eggs in water or in moist places  Examples: Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders  Young frogs are called tadpoles  The change into adult frogs through different stages is metamorphosis.  They eat large quantities of flies, mosquitoes and other insects B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Reptiles Group of vertebrates that are more complex than amphibians Cold-blooded vertebrate Has dry, scaly skin Most have two pairs of legs with five toes on each leg Can run, crawl, climb, or paddle Breath with well developed lungs Most reproduce by laying eggs on land B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Reptiles continued… 4 Main groups:  Turtles  Special shell covering for protection and movement  Live on land, fresh water, ocean  Lizards  Live in many places  cold regions, rainy regions, dry deserts  The skin color of many lizards changes with surrounding conditions – camouflage B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Reptiles continued…  Alligators and Crocodiles:  largest kind of reptile  Strong jaws and sharp teeth  Live in warm, swampy areas along streams, rivers, or lakes  Snakes  Some live on land, some in water  No legs  Body covered with dry scales  Move by catching their scales on the ground and pushing forward with their muscles  Do not tear or chew food, but swallow it whole B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Birds Warm-blooded animal Have hearts with 4 chambers Have wings, which are used for flying Feathers are an important body covering  Protects body of the bird  Aids in balancing and flying  Also helps to control a bird’s body temperature Many birds build nests in which they lay their hard- shelled eggs  After the eggs hatch, the adult birds feed and protect the young B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Birds continued… Birds live in different environments  Penguins: cold, snowy areas  Parrots: warm areas with much rain  Ducks, geese, robins: change with season, when the weather turns cold and snowy, many migrate to warmer areas. Birds are an important food source for people B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Mammals Most complex group of animals Examples: bats, moles, bears, horses, rats, cows, monkeys, kangaroos, rabbits, seals whales and humans A mammal is a vertebrate with a body covering of fur or hair, and special female organs that produce milk to feed its young. They care fore their young until they are able to care for themselves Live in nearly all kinds of habitats B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Mammals continued… Mammals have more complex brains than other animals Humans are able to become skilled in the use of tools Other mammals produce eggs that develop in different ways A marsupial is a mammal that has a special pouch for carrying the undeveloped young B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan

Mammals Fish Constant warm body temperature Coverings of hair Breath through lungs Carry their unborn young in their bodies Cold body temperatures Coverings of scales Breath through gills Lay eggs Comparison Chart B. Cole EDUC 730: Lesson Plan