 Answer the following questions (p )  What argument does Monte Verde produce?  Reasons/Evidence  List the ways humans migrated to America.  Explain/Details  What does the Olsen Chubbuck site suggest about hunting patterns? We’re Coming to America!!!

Human Variation Why are there physical differences?

 Natural Selection  Directional shift  Average value will shift because it is beneficial. (Skin)  Normalizing Selection  Average value will not shift, but the extremes are removed.  Balancing Selection  Heterozygous (different) combinations of alleles is favored.  Genetic Drift  Removal of less frequent “neutral” genes from isolated groups. Process of Human Variation

 Gene Flow  Passing of genes from one population to another.  Decreases differences.  Cline – variation in frequency  Influence of the Environment  Climate may influence growth and development  Influence of Culture  Modifications to life may affect genetic adaptations.

 Take notes on the following from Ch. 7  Body Build  Facial Construction  Skin Color  Adaption to High Altitude  Height  Infectious Diseases  Sickle-Cell Anemia  Lactase Deficiency Variation in Populations

 Body Build  Bergman’s Rule  Body size and temperature.  Allen’s Rule  Length of limbs based on temperature/climate  Facial Construction  Size of the nose based on climate (humid – short flat nose)  Skin Color  Gloger’s Rule  People living in warmer climates have more melanin.  Adaption to High Altitude  Theory of larger chests, greater lung capacity. Variations in Population

 Height  Temperature  Nutrition  Infectious Diseases  Develop inherited resistance to diseases.  Sickle-Cell Anemia  Abnormality of red blood cells. (connection w/ malaria)  Lactase Deficiency  Inability to digest lactose (temperate climates) Variations in Population

 Race  Classificatory way to describe population variants.  Racism  Belief that some races are inferior to others.  Misused and misunderstood (associated with racist thought)  Product of adaptive traits  Traits that happen because of natural selection tend to cluster in regions. Race - Biological

 Used to describe groups.  Discriminate  Make groups Superior/Inferior  Developed Nations  White  Underdeveloped Nations  Other Race Social

 European Advance  Formed later civilizations  Colonized much of the world  Brought diseases (killed natives)  Racial Intelligence  Whites are genetically smarter (belief)  Alpha Beta IQ test.  IQ Tests  Not accurate  IQ influenced by social environment European Advance Racial Intelligence

  eature=relmfu eature=relmfu

 Genetic Engineering to replace maladaptive traits.  SUPERHUMAN!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Perfect Human