Glaciation Presentation

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Presentation transcript:

Glaciation Presentation

Glaciation Standard Grade Geography Alan Doherty Linlithgow Academy

Climate Change is not new! From “Glaciers” by John Gordon Colin Baxter Publications, 2001

Interglacial periods Glacial periods From “Glaciers” by John Gordon Colin Baxter Publications, 2001

Snow collects in hollows Snow builds up during the winter (accumulation) and melts during the summer (ablation) If accumulation is greater than ablation the snow builds up in layers Pressure gradually turns the snow into ice When the critical mass of ice is reached, the ice begins to move downhill A glacier is born!

Snowflakes are compressed and squeezed into ice crystals n.b. the colour changes from white to blue!

How does ice flow? With difficulty!

1.SNOW BUILDS UP IN HOLLOWS IN THE HILLSIDE GLACIATION 1.SNOW BUILDS UP IN HOLLOWS IN THE HILLSIDE 2. THE SNOW COMPACTS INTO ICE 3. THE ICE “FLOWS” DOWN THE MOUNTAINSIDE 4. THE GLACIER PUSHES FORWARD AND MELTS BACK

Valley Glaciers nasa Denali, in Alaska

Ice Sheets From “Earth from Above” by Yann Arthus-Bertrand

If the ice covers the whole area then the mountain tops are rounded e If the ice covers the whole area then the mountain tops are rounded e.g. Scotland If the mountain tops remain above the ice then frost action makes them “jaggy”. e.g.the Alps

Past and Present Ice Limits From “Earth Story” By Lamb and Sington

GLACIATION GLACIERS ERODE TRANSPORT and DEPOSIT

Glacial Erosion Glaciers erode in two ways Abrasion - this occurs when stones embedded in the bottom of the glacier scrape across the ground Plucking - this occurs when the bottom layer of ice freezes on to the ground when the ice is stationary. When the glacier begins to move, bedrock material may be torn from the ground.

Glacial Erosion Cirque = Corrie = Cwm From “A2 Geography for AQA specification A” by Bowen, A & Pallister, J. Reprinted by permission of Harcourt Education Cirque = Corrie = Cwm

Aretes or sharp ridges arete corrie corrie tributary glacier main glacier

A corrie is a hollow in the hillside arete End moraine Corrie or cirque Lochan or tarn Mountain top

Aretes and pyramidal peaks Arete ridge

U-shaped valley

U-shaped valley Hanging valley Misfit stream

Ribbon Lake

Transportation Material which is carried along by the ice is called moraine. Large stones which are dropped as the ice melts are called erratics.

Transportation

Transportation From “A2 Geography for AQA specification A” by Bowen, A & Pallister, J. Reprinted by permission of Harcourt Education

by water: fluvio-glacial Deposition by ice: moraine by water: fluvio-glacial

by ice: moraine (boulder clay) Deposition by ice: moraine (boulder clay) by water: fluvio-glacial (sands & gravel)

Glaciation End of part one Standard Grade Geography