1 Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Indoor lab – bring calculator – download Lemna lab Week of Sept. 15 Week of Sept. 22 Wet outdoor lab – wear closed-toed shoes Week of Sept. 29 Oct. 3 Exam 1 Week of Oct. 7 Indoor lab – bring calculator

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3 How are the boreal and tundra areas in the Arctic different from the boreal/tundra areas in Alpine areas? A.Seasonality B. Daily temperature change C. UV radiation D. All of the above

4 Aquatic systems - defined by physical factors such as depth, temperature, water flow

5 From Miller 1993

6 thermocline Oceans and lakes are usually thermally stratified

7 Aquatic systems Marine Pelagic zone (open ocean) Deep sea Shallow benthos Coral reefs Freshwater Lakes Streams/rivers

8 Shallow benthos Pelagic zone Deep sea

9 Biome : Pelagic zone of ocean Climate: Depends on location – generally warm and well-lit Vegetation: Phytoplankton Animals: Zooplankton, fish Net Productivity: Low Diversity: Low

10 Diatoms – photosynthetic protists

11 Zooplankton – common herbivores and carnivores of the ocean

12 Biome : Deep sea Climate: Extremely uniform – dark and cold Very high pressure Vegetation: None Animals: Unusual things Net Productivity: Low Diversity: Low – but higher than pelagic zone

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14 If no photosynthesis and no vegetation, what supports the organisms that live in the deep sea? What do they eat if they can’t eat plants?

15 Biome : Shallow benthos Climate: Depends on area – relatively warm and well-lit Vegetation: Kelp forests and other seaweeds Animals: Urchins, starfish, sea cucumbers Net Productivity: Moderate to high Diversity: Moderate

16 Kelp forests

17 Biome : Coral reefs Climate: warm and well-lit Vegetation: Algae Animals: Coral, tropical fish Net Productivity: High Diversity: High – 25% of all marine species in 0.17% of ocean area

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19 Live Coral Dead coral

20 Aquatic systems Marine Pelagic zone (open ocean) Deep sea Shallow benthos Coral reefs Freshwater Lakes Streams/rivers

21 Biome : Lakes Climate: Highly variable Vegetation: Phytoplankton, rooted plants on edges Animals: Zooplankton, fish Productivity: Low to high Diversity: Low to moderate

22 Pelagic zone Shallow benthos

23 Biome : Rivers/streams Climate: Highly variable – less vertical variability than lakes Vegetation: Algae, rooted plants in large rivers Animals: Insect larvae, fish Net Productivity: Low to high Diversity: Low to moderate

24 More horizontal than vertical variability in streams

25 Outline The biome concept Survey of the biomes Variability in Connecticut

26 Different Land Cover Types in Connecticut - Terrestrial Oak Forest Red Maple Forest Hemlock Beech Forest - Freshwater Lake and reservoir Streams and rivers Freshwater wetlands and bogs - Coastal Salt Marsh Beach

27 Microclimate – climatic variation on a scale of a few kilometers, meters, or centimeters

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29 Coniferous forest Deciduous forest Wetlands, Water Residential, commercial Lawn and turf

30 Which of the following biomes have water deficits during the growing season? a. tundra b. desert c. woodland/shrubland (chaparral) d. both b and c

31 10.Only one of the following lists correctly ranks four terrestrial biomes from most to least productive. Which is it? a.tropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest, savanna, tundra b.tropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest, tundra, savanna c.temperate seasonal forest, tropical rain forest, tundra, savanna d.temperate seasonal forest, tropical rain forest, savanna, tundra e.temperate seasonal forest, savanna, tropical rain forest, tundra