ADDED VOCABULARY…. BATTERY CHANGES CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY SOLAR CELL CHANGES SOLAR ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY INSULATOR Covers a conductor (glass, plastic, rubber) LOAD Device that uses electrical energy to operate. The load converts electrical energy Into other forms of energy (electricity to light and heat) (cell phone electrical energy into electromagnetic) (doorbell electricity to sound waves) A CLOSED PATH MADE OF 3 PARTS….. 1 ENERGY SOURCE (battery or solar cell) 2 CONDUTOR (mostly metals, but water is also a great conductor) 3 LOAD THROUGH WHICH ELECTRICAL CURRENT CAN FLOW

6 SKIP

Minimum Circuit Symbols Standardized Testing Must Knows…. Like on a battery which has a positive end (the one that sticks out, hence bigger line) and the negative (the flat side, hence the short side). SO THIS IS WIRE BATTERY WIRE It is the opposite of what you think, closed switches work because the current can flow to the load. SO THIS IS WIRE, SWITCH THAT IS CLOSED, WIRE It is the opposite of what you think, open switches DO NOT work because the current IS UNABLE TO flow to the load. SO THIS IS WIRE SWITCH THAT IS OPEN WIRE The load is the device using the electricity see how it looks like Lightening on a wire. SO THIS IS WIRE DEVICE WIRE A line is pretty simple, it looks like a wire.

9 In an open circuit the wire goes to the switch, but the switch is open so the energy never crosses over the switch to continue down the wire to the load or device

Load or device Battery or energy source If the device Is to work a Line representi ng A wire must be drawn To complete the circuit

NOTE: 1 energy source More then one load Series: if one load is broken or disconnected the circuit is open and entire device cannot work. (old fashioned house lights for holidays) Adding more loads to the circuit shares the energy source and less energy goes to each load.

x x x x NOTE: 1 energy source More then one load Paralle: if one load is broken in one wire or disconnected the circuit is still closed and entire device (other than the disconnected or broken part) works (the house lights for holidays used today). Adding more loads does not alter the voltage going to each load because each load has the same voltage.

Single wire or path for Electric current Multiple wires or path for Electric current Same current for all loads Or devices Current can vary among the Different wires or paths Open circuit (break, Disconnect) makes All loads or devices unable To work (break, Disconnect) does not open the Entire circuit since there are multiple Paths so only part of the load does not work

Safety caps so baby fingers cannot go in the

Open circuits are incomplete circuits and cannot operate a device. Closed circuits are complete and the device functions In a series all devices are connected by 1 wire so Removing 1 bulb or load makes the entire circuit Open and all lights go out.

Every time one device was used all of the devices including the one device in use would not get energy so none of the devices would work.