U.S. History Chapter 15 Section 2 Essential Question: What were the experiences of immigrants in the late 1800s & early 1900s ?

Ellis Island Most of European immigrants entered the U.S. at Ellis Island. Located in NY harbor What were conditions like on Ellis Island?

Melting Pot A mixture of different people, cultures, & races who blended together to form a new culture Why didn’t new immigrants want to give up their native culture? What movement did this contribute to?

Nativism Grew out of increasing numbers of immigrants in the U.S. Favoritism/preference towards native-born Americans What kind of cultural differences could lead to conflict between immigrant & natives? What ethnic group do nativists believe to be superior?

Chinese Exclusion Act Passed in 1882 it prohibited Chinese immigration for 10 years Later restricted indefinitely What region of the country had strong anti-Asian sentiments? Why? Gentlemen's Agreement?

Chapter 15 Section 3 & 4 Essential Questions Why did cities rapidly expand in the late 1800s and early 1900s? What were the results of this urban growth in the United States? How did different movements develop to help the needy in urban areas?

Where will most immigrants settle? Cities What part of the country are these cities in? Northeast and Midwest Why will they settle in these places? Jobs, cheap housing, family already there What has created new jobs that are available? Industrial Revolution

Urbanization The growth of cities What cities experience rapid growth during the late 19 th century? NYC, Boston, Philly, Chicago What is the Americanization movement? Assimilate all immigrants into mainstream American culture.

What are six problems associated with urbanization in the late 19 th century? Housing Transportation Water Sanitation Crime Fire

Housing Not enough affordable housing for all Row houses designed to save space Many families live in crowded single room apartments, or share homes with other families Tenements: multifamily urban dwelling, usually overcrowded & unsanitary

“Dumbbell” Tenement

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lived (1890)How the Other Half Lived (1890) See handoutSee handout

Tenement Slum Living

Lodgers Huddled Together

Political Machine Organized group that controlled political parties in the city What did they do? How were they organized? Graft: illegal use of political influence for personal gain Boss Tweed Head of NYC’s Tammany Hall

What will happen to all the poor, destitute immigrants who can’t provide for themselves? Concerned Americans want to find a solution to the social problems in cities

Settlement Houses Community centers in poor areas that provide assistance, mostly to immigrants Run mostly by middle class, college educated women Provides educational, cultural, & social services

Jane Addams Leader of the Social Gospel Movement Preaches salvation through service to the poor Est. Hull House, a settlement house that provided assistance to people in need

Prohibition Alcohol is a convenient scapegoat for all problems associated with urbanization Women’s Christian Temperance Union movement is formed in 1873 Actions lead passing the 18 th Amendment in 1919 American Spirit P Carrie Nation