S CIENCE AND T ECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN I SRAEL I SRAEL F RANCE INTRODUCTION MEETING E REZ E TZION T EL A VIV U NIVERSITY 20/2/2011

Background 20/2/20102 Population 7.4 M (France 61 M) Land 22,145 km 2, (France 552,000 km 2) Population density 334 people/km 2 (France 110 people/km 2 ) GDP (PPP)/capita=28.4K$ (France 35.8K$). Unemployment ~6.5% (France 10.1%) R&D 8.8 B$ (France 43 B$) % of R&D/GDP for Civilian: 4.7%(highest in the world) (France 2.%) Average monthly wage:1.9K$ (France 3300 euro). TECHNION(HEP, TH&EXP) Haifa Univ (no HEP ) Tel-Aviv University (HEP TH&EXP Bar-Ilan University (no HEP) Open University Hebrew Uni. Jerusalem (HEP TH) Weizmann Inst., Rehovot (HEP TH&EXP) Univ. of Ber-Sheva (HEP TH&EXP) Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University

General Comments on Israeli Education and Research Education - a priority in Israel. First two Universities established 24 years before the existence of the State. 29% of labor force have 16+ years of schooling (50% of the young population goes through tertiary education) (2 ed in the world <Norway, =US) In the early period, research was mainly driven by Agricultural Research, out of the need of transforming the dessert and swamps. Serious Industrial Research started in the late 70’s early 80’s (mainly electronics and communication). In 85 Law to Encourage Industrial R&D was approved. Fund was established, that reached 400M$ in Physics Research started in Jerusalem, and at the Technion. This, together with some new immigrants formed most of the Theorists, while Experimentalists were formed by sending them abroad in the 50’s and 60‘s. –Funding for Basic Science is mainly done through the National Science Foundation ( depending on the Academy of Science and Humanities) Civilian R&D as % of GDP 20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University3

Higher Education in Israel Growth of number of academic institutions in Israel in the 17 years. 2010: 8 Universities (7 with large Research Programs) & 60 Academies/Colleges. TECHNION created in 1924 & HU Jerusalem in 1925, Weizmann in 1935, (in 1948: 1,600 students, in 2007: 254,000) 20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University4

Tel Aviv University Young.. Established in 1956 (formally 63) The largest university in Israel comprising: Nine faculties: Engineering, Exact Sciences, Life Sciences, Medicine, Humanities, Law, Social Sciences, Arts and Management. 106 departments, 90 research institutes. 26,000 students 20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University5

The Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Founded in 1963 Three departments — Astronomy and Astrophysics (+wise observatory), Condensed Matter Physics, and Particle Physics.Astronomy and AstrophysicsCondensed Matter PhysicsParticle Physics Research groups in applied physics, in bioinformatics, and in quantum information.applied physicsquantum information Employ an academic staff of 37 faculty members, teaching more than 600 undergraduate and graduate students.faculty members 20/2/20106Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University

Physics Students in Israel General drop of Physics Students in the late 90‘s. Trend changed, mainly due to the immigration from Science minded Students from Russia as well as the High-Tech boom. Graduate Total Male Female 20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University7

Manpower overview in HEP Although Total # of HEP Physicists/habitants, as well as student proportion is close to the European average, this is strongly dominated by TH. There is a problem in advancing/hiring staff in Experimental HEP, mainly due to the opposition of physicists in other fields. This is a general problem in many small countries. Total internal yearly budget for HEP, excluding staff salaries: ~5MCHF 20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University8

Scientific Education leads to a high level of publications  20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University9

Including in Physics   20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University10

But not only in Physics 20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University11

Overview of Technology Transfer in Israeli Academia Technology Transfer firms (e.g. shield the researcher from legal issues, taking care of Intellectual Property, finding commercial partners, setting up the licensing arrangements and transfer of royalties. The Israeli Government, via the Office of the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of Industry, Labor and Trade, financing a series of initiatives that emphasize common projects between Industry and Academia. The main programs are: –MAGNET - Long term programs with a total envelope per project of up to 36M$ over a 5 year period (80% of the budget by the gov.). –MAGNETON: Mainly for feasibility proof. Its overall envelope is 800K$ per project over a period of up to 2 years, 66% financed by Government funding. –NOFAR: Assistance to Academic Research supported by Industry on feasibility studies to pass from basic to applied research. Typical Government funds are between 10 to 30K$ per project. Series of “Industrial Incubators”, which range from Projects in the phase of applicability to new enterprises and Start-Ups, supported up to 85% by Government funds. 20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University12

Strong Tech Transfer effort impact on patents #  20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University13

As well as in the importance of High-Tech in the Industrial Production Sales of High-Tech products have reached 21B$ in 2008, with a yearly growth of 10%.  20/2/2010Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University14

C ONCLUSION 20/2/ Israel grew up very fast in the last few decades both in academia and industry. Some of the numbers per capita are high However it’s a small country and therefore judging in absolute numbers there is still a lot of phase space to grow Erez Etzion, Tel Aviv University