ABC Book of American History Shakia Dedmon 4 th period SS 5/13/2011

A’s Abolitionist: a person who is strongly against slavery Alien: immigrant living in a country where he or she isn’t a citizen Abstain: to not take part in activity such as voting

B’s Boycott: refuse to buy an item from an particular country Border states: states between north and south that were divided whether to stay union or confederacy Bill of Rights: first to amendments that protect basic rights and liberty

C’s Civil War( ): conflict between opposing group of citizens of the same country Constitution: formal plan of government Compromise: agreement between two or more sides in which each side gives up some of what they want

D’s Desert: leave without permission Dictator: leader who rules with total authority often in a cruel or brutal manner Debtor: person who owes money

E’s Export: sell goods abroad E migrant: person who leaves a country or region to live elsewhere Entrench: occupying a strong defensive position

F’s Famine: extreme shortage of food Freedman: person free from slavery Frigate: warship

G’s Greenback: a piece of U.S. paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War Genocide: the deliberate destruction o a racial, political, or cultural group Guerrilla tactic: referring to surprise attacks on raids rather than organized warfare

H’s Holocaust: the name given to the mass slaughter of Jews and other groups by the Nazis during World War 2 Human Rights: rights regarded as belonging to all persons such as freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture, and execution Habeas Corpus: a legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned

I’s Ironclad: armored naval vessel Inflation: a continuous rise in the price of goods Impressment: forcing people into service as in navy

J’s Judicial review: right of the supreme court determine if a law violates the constitution Judicial Branch: branch of government including the federal court system that interprets the nation’s laws Joint Occupation: Possession and settling of an area shared by two or more countries

L’s Literacy: ability to read and write Lynching: putting to death to a person by the illegal action of a mob Landslide: overwhelming victory

M’s Maze: an early form of corn grown by Indians Majority: more than half Manumission: the freeing of some enslaved person

N’s Neutral : taking no side in a conflict Nativist: person who favors those born in his country and is opposed to immigrants Nullify: cancel or make ineffective

O’s Offensive: position of attacking or the attack itself Ordinance: a law or regulation Override: to overturn or defeat as a bill proposed in congress

P’s Partisan: favoring one side of an issue Petition: formal request Perjury: lying when one has sworn on an oath to the truth

Q’s Quakers: believed every individual had an inner light that could guide him or her to salvation Quadruple Alliance: France,Austria, Russia, and Prussia Quebec Act: set up a permanent government for Quebec and granted religious freedom to French Catholics

R’s Rebels: people who were apart of the Confederate Army Royal Colonies: Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia Republicanism: where voters hold soveirgn power

S’s Slave Trade: slaves were traded for rum Stamp Act: tax on almost all printed materials Sons of Liberty: protest against Stamp Act and Samuel Adams organization

T’s Trail of Tears: Cherokees force journey West were they cried along the way Triangular Trade: route of trade that formed a triangle Townshed acts: passed by parliament laws

U’s Utopia: community based on a vision of a perfect society sought by reformers Underground Railroad: a system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North Unconstitutional: not agreeing or consistent with the constitution

V’s Veto: reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law Vigilantes: people who take the law into their own hands Vaquero: Hispanic ranch hand

W’s War Hawks: republicans during Madison’s presidency who pressed for war with Britain War of 1812: This war was fought between the United States & Britain because Britain forced U.S. sailors to join the British Navy an Britain assisted Native Americans who tried to keep their land in America Writ of Assistance: legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for smuggled goods

X’s XYZ Affair: Diplomatic scandal that almost caused another war, this one between the United States and France

Y’s Yankee: union soldier Yeomen: southern owner of a small farm who did not have enslaved people Yellow Journalism: a type of sensational, biased, and often false reporting

Z’s Zuni: people of the southwest