Pageant Review

Amendments 16th- a personal income tax 17th- direct election of Senators

Progressive Reform Desire for more democracy City Level- stressed efficiency For- Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Progressives Felt more democracy would improve America Mainly middle class

Women’s Christian Temperance Movement Leading Progressive organization for prohibition of liquor

Muckrakers Wanted to make the public aware of social problems

The Jungle Upton Sinclair’s book about the meatpacking industry Helped pass the Federal Meat Inspection Act

Teddy Roosevelt Elected in announced he would not run in 1908 Used assault on trusts to prove that government, not big business ran America Enduring achievement- supporting the environment

Teddy Roosevelt Ran in believed Taft had abandoned TR’s policies New Nationalism- broad program of social welfare and government regulation of business

Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902 Government did not automatically side with management

Multiple Resource Management Recreation Sustained-yield logging Summer stock grazing Watershed protection

Panic of 1907 Stimulated reform in banking policy

William Howard Taft More for status quo than progressive change Dollar Diplomacy foreign policy

Jane Addams Development Settlement Houses- provided social and educational services Placed TR’s name in nomination in showed rising political status of women

1912 election Republican are split and Wilson wins Progressivism is the true winner

Underwood Tariff Bill Designed to lower tariffs Passed after Wilson aroused public opinion in support of it

Woodrow Wilson New Freedom- favored small enterprise and entrepreneurship Had faith in the masses if they were properly educated Moralistic approach to foreign policy Accelerated segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy

Woodrow Wilson First person born in the South elected President since the Civil War Governor of New Jersey- passionate reformer President of Princeton University

Woodrow Wilson 1912 Platform- –Antitrust legislation –Monetary reform –Tariff reductions –Support for small business

Supreme Court Cases Lochner v. New York –Setback for Labor and Progressives –Declared a law limiting work to 10 hrs a day unconstitutional Muller v Oregon –Female workers required special rules and protection on the job –Established the right of states to intervene in the work place

Federal Reserve Act Federal Reserve Board was given authority to issue paper money and increase the amount of money in circulation

Clayton Anti-Trust Act Legalized strikes and peaceful picketing

World War I Most Americans preferred neutrality Trade with Great Britain , pulled the US out of recession

Zimmerman Telegram Attempt by Germany to have Mexico fight America Would make it very difficult for the US to play a significant role in Europe

Sussex Pledge Germany promised not to sink passenger ships without warning

Declaration of War US declared war on Germany after U- boats sank four unarmed American merchant vessels Wilson pledged to make the war “a war to end all wars” and make the world safe for democracy

George Creel Committee on Public Information- oversold Wilson’s ideals and led the world to expect too much

US Involvement in WWI Poorly prepared to enter a global war Draft worked fairly and effectively provided manpower Paid for war effort with loans from American public

US Involvement in WWI Two main battles- St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive Germans demoralized by America’s unlimited troop reserves

John J. Pershing Leader of the American Expeditionary Force Maintained the US military as a separate force

Women and the War Effort Helped result in the right to vote

Violation of Civil Liberties German Americans and Social Radicals suffered the most

Steel Strike of 1919 Crippled the union movement for a decade Unions became associated with Communists

Black Migration Tens of thousands of blacks moved North during the war- resulted in racial violence in the North

Paris Peace Conference Wilson’s goals- –End European colonial empires in Africa and Asia –A world parliament of nations to provide collective security –National self-determination for smaller European nations –Free trade and freedom of the seas

League of Nations Senate opponents felt it would rob Congress of its war-declaring powers Created, but doomed without US involvement

1920 Election Viewed as a “solemn referendum” on the Treaty of Versailles by Wilson