The Roaring Twenties

The Russian Revolution Czar Nicholas II loses power for entering WWI Czar Nicholas II loses power for entering WWI Vladimir Lenin leads Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin leads Bolsheviks Civil War Civil War –Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Whites (landowners, army leaders) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) –Gov’t controls all land and property –1 political party –Individuals had no rights –Try to spread Communism around the world

The Red Scare Schenck v. U.S. (1919) Schenck v. U.S. (1919) –Charles Schenck convicted of breaking the Espionage Act The Palmer Raids The Palmer Raids –Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer –Target Communists, socialists, and anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti Sacco and Vanzetti –Italian immigrants convicted of murder –Conviction was because of being immigrants –1927, Executed

Labor Strikes Strikes in 1919 and 1920 blamed on Communists Strikes in 1919 and 1920 blamed on Communists The Boston Police Strike The Boston Police Strike –Calvin Coolidge Steel and Coal Strike Steel and Coal Strike –Steel industry used red scare –United Mine Workers of America’s strike put down by Attorney General Palmer

Republican Leadership Republicans control all three branches from 1921 to 1933 Republicans control all three branches from 1921 to 1933 The Harding Presidency The Harding Presidency –“Return to normalcy” –Favored business (Andrew Mellon); very high tariff but Europe retaliated –Ohio Gang – corrupt advisors –Isolationism -Stayed out of League of Nations –Limiting Immigration  Nativist fears  Restricted immigration and quotas –Teapot Dome Scandal  Alfred Fall leases government land for oil drilling

Republican Leadership The Coolidge Presidency (“Silent Cal”) The Coolidge Presidency (“Silent Cal”) –Restored confidence –Laissez Faire –Continued Isolationism  Kellogg-Briand Pact – outlawed war  Dawes Plan – loans to Germany The Election of 1928 The Election of 1928 –Herbert Hoover

A Business Boom Consumer Economy Consumer Economy –Buying on credit  Installment plans Electric Power Electric Power –General Electric New Products New Products –Refrigerators –Washing Machines –Irons – eos/1920s-inventionshttp:// eos/1920s-inventions

Ford and the Automobile “Model T” “Model T” –“Horseless carriage” Assembly Line Assembly Line –Assembly line moved the cars –Produced one every 24 seconds –Mass production A Complex Businessman A Complex Businessman –Scientific Management –Created 5 day work week –Gave raises to employees Industrial Growth Industrial Growth –Growth of the highway system, trucking, motels, restaurants, etc.

the-story-of-us/videos/henry-ford-and-the- model-t

Women’s Changing Roles The Flapper Image The Flapper Image –New type of woman –Short dresses and short hair –Smoked, drank, danced the “Charleston” Working Women and Voting Working Women and Voting –Working women had little chances for advancement –19 th Amendment –Women did not vote like suffragists thought

Cities and Suburbs African Americans in the North African Americans in the North –Great Migration – African Americans move from the south to the north for work opportunities Other Migration Other Migration –Mexican and Canadian Growth of the Suburbs Growth of the Suburbs –Cars and busses –Fleeing urban areas

American Heroes “Lucky Lindy” “Lucky Lindy” –Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of St. Louis Amelia Earhart Amelia Earhart Heroes in Sports Heroes in Sports –Jack Dempsey –Babe Ruth –Gertrude Ederle –Bobby Jones –Johnny Weissmuller

Mass Media Movies – “Talkies” Movies – “Talkies” –Mary Pickford (America’s sweetheart) –Rudolph Valentino –Charlie Chaplin Newspapers Newspapers –Hearst/Pullitzer Radio Radio –Pittsburgh’s KDKA –National Broadcasting Company (NBC)

The Jazz Age From blues and ragtime (New Orleans) From blues and ragtime (New Orleans) –Radio helps to spread Jazz clubs in Harlem Jazz clubs in Harlem Duke Ellington Duke Ellington Louis Armstrong Louis Armstrong

Other Artists Paintings Paintings –Georgia O’Keefe Literature Literature –Sinclair Lewis The Lost Generation The Lost Generation –F. Scott Fitzgerald –John Steinbeck –Earnest Hemingway Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance –African American literary awakening –Langston Hughes

Prohibition Bootlegging Bootlegging –Speakeasies Organized Crime Organized Crime –Came from prohibition –Violent groups Al Capone Al Capone –Runs Chicago through bootlegging and other crimes –J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI – ows/gangland/videos/gang ster-al-capone-exploits- prohibitionhttp:// ows/gangland/videos/gang ster-al-capone-exploits- prohibition

Issues of Religion Fundamentalism Fundamentalism –Argued that Christian ideas were flawless and the Bible had no errors Evolution and the Scopes Trial Evolution and the Scopes Trial –John T. Scopes, Tennessee teacher –Scopes “Monkey” Trial

Racial Tension Violence against African Americans Violence against African Americans –“Red Summer” Revival of the Klan Revival of the Klan Fighting Discrimination Fighting Discrimination –NAACP The Garvey Movement The Garvey Movement –“Mother Africa”