Information Systems Overview (COIS 20024) Lecture: Week 3 Computer Software (Information Systems Resources)

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 2 Week 3: Resources  Study Guide Module 3: Computer Software  Textbook Chapter 4: Computer Software  Resource Materials Reading 3-1

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 3 Objectives  Describe major trends occurring in computer software  Identify several major types of system software & application software & their uses  Describe the importance & functions of an operating system

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 4 Objectives (cont’d)  Describe the purpose of programming languages  Explain the characteristics of and differences between major categories of programming languages  Describe the purpose & types of language translator programs

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 5 Computer Software  A set of instructions to be processed by a computer.  Why is it important? Required by computer hardware Required by end users

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 6 Objectives  Describe major trends occurring in computer software  Identify several major types of system software & application software & their uses  Describe the importance & functions of an operating system

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 7 Trends in Computer Software First Generation First Generation Second Generation Second Generation Third Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Fifth Generation User-Written Programs Machine Languages Packaged Programs Symbolic Languages Operating Systems High-Level Languages DBMS Fourth-Generation Languages Microcomputer Packages Natural & Object-Oriented Languages Multipurpose Graphic- Interface Network-Enabled Expert-Assisted Packages Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled Application Packages for Productivity and Collaboration Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages and Tools

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 8 Two major Software trends are taking place:  Trend away from custom-designed programs developed by the professional programmers of an organization technical, machine-specific programming languages using binary-based or symbolic codes procedural languages, which use brief statements and mathematical expressions to specify the sequence of instructions a computer must perform

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 9 Two major Software trends are taking place: (cont’d)  Trend towards use of off-the-shelf software packages acquired by end users from software vendors use of a visual graphic-interface for object- oriented programming, or toward nonprocedural natural languages for programming that are closer to human conversation

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 10 Reasons for these trends are:  Development of relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use application software packages and multipurpose software suites for microcomputers  Software packages are designed with web- enabled networking capabilities and collaboration features that optimize their usefulness for end users and workgroups on the Internet and corporate intranets and extranets

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 11 Reasons for these trends are: (cont’d)  Many software packages can now be downloaded, updated, managed, and rented or leased from software companies or application service providers (ASPs) over the Internet and corporate intranets  Creation of easy-to-use, nonprocedural fourth-generation languages (4GLs)

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 12 Reasons for these trends are: (cont’d)  Developments in object technology, graphics, and artificial intelligence produce natural language and graphical user interfaces (GUI) that make both programming tools and software packages easier to use  Developments in a new generation of expert- assisted software packages that combine expert system modules and artificial intelligence features (wizards and intelligent agents)

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 13 Results for these trends  Current trends are converging to produce a fifth generation of powerful, multipurpose, expert-assisted, and network-enabled software packages with natural language and graphical interfaces to support the productivity and collaboration of both end users and IS professionals

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 14 Objectives (cont’d)  Describe major trends occurring in computer software  Identify several major types of system software & application software & their uses  Describe the importance & functions of an operating system

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 15 Categories of Computer Software Computer Software Computer Software General- Purpose Programs General- Purpose Programs Application- Specific Programs Application- Specific Programs Application Software Application Software System Software System Software System Management Programs System Management Programs System Development Programs System Development Programs

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 16 Common General- Purpose Applications  Electronic Mail  Word Processing  Electronic Spreadsheet  Presentation Graphics  Multimedia  Personal Information Manager  Groupware

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 17 Web Browsers Discussion Groups Surf the Net Launch Information Searches Multimedia File Transfer Typical uses of a Web Browser in Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Environments

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 18 Database Management Packages Database Development Database Maintenance Database Interrogation Application Development Primary Tasks of Database Management Packages Primary Tasks of Database Management Packages

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 19 Key Technologies of Multimedia Video Capture Card Video Capture Card Authoring Language Authoring Language Storyboard Compact Disk Interactive Compact Disk Interactive Sound Board Compressed Audio Compressed Audio Digital Video Interactive Digital Video Interactive MIDI Computer Edit System Computer Edit System Interactive Video Interactive Video Digital Audio Multimedia Technologies

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 20 Business Enterprise Application Software Supply Chain Management Accounting and Financial Management Customer Relationship Management Enterprise Resource Planning Human Resource Management Business Decision Support

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 21 Objectives (cont’d)  Describe major trends occurring in computer software  Identify several major types of system software & application software & their uses  Describe the importance & functions of an operating system

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 22 Functions of an Operating System Resource Management Resource Management Task Management Task Management User Interface User Interface File Management File Management Utilities and Other Functions Utilities and Other Functions

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 23 Objectives (cont’d)  Describe the purpose of programming languages  Explain the characteristics of and differences between major categories of programming languages  Describe the purpose & types of language translator programs

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 24 Programming Languages  Are the languages in which computer programs are written  Allow programmers or end users to develop the sets of instructions that constitute a computer program Many programming languages have been developed, each with its own unique vocabulary, grammer, and uses

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 25 Objectives (cont’d)  Describe the purpose of programming languages  Explain the characteristics of and differences between major categories of programming languages  Describe the purpose & types of language translator programs

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 26 Categories of Programming Languages Machine Languages Use binary coded instructions High Level Languages Use brief statements Compute X = Y + Z Assembler Languages Use symbolic coded instructions LOD Y ADD Z Object-Oriented Languages Define objects that contain data and actions Document.write (“Hi There”) Markup Languages Use embedded control codes First heading <!ELEMENT Product (#Item | manuf)> ` Fourth Generation Languages Use natural statements SUM THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 27 Objectives (cont’d)  Describe the purpose of programming languages  Explain the characteristics of and differences between major categories of programming languages  Describe the purpose & types of language translator programs

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 28 Programming Language Translation Language Translation Process Language Translation Process Source Program Machine Language Object Program Written in BASIC, COBOL, etc. Language Translator Program Compiler Interpreter Assembler IF A := B THEN

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 29  Computer software consists of two major types of programs: application software that directs the performance of a particular end user task, and system software that controls and supports the operations of a computer system. Summary

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 30  Application software includes a variety of programs that can be segregated into general-purpose and application-specific categories.  System software can be subdivided into system management programs (used to manage hardware, software, networks, and data resources) and system development programs (used by IS specialists to develop computer programs). Summary (cont’d)

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 31  An operating system is an integrated system of programs that supervises the operations of the CPU.  There are five major levels of programming languages.  Language translator programs convert programming language instructions into machine language instructions. Chapter Summary (cont’d)

30-JUL-2001 Daniel Pun, School of Computing & Information Systems, CQU, Australia 32 Next Week Information Systems Resources : Database Management