ANIMAL SCIENCE 320

Instructors Dr. Cheryl L. Morris 201D Kildee Hall Dr. Jim Russell 313 Kildee Hall Graduate TA: Olivia Genther 333 Kildee Hall Mondays 2:00 – 4:00 PM Graduate TA: Matt O’Neil 337C Kildee Hall Tuesdays 2:00 – 4:00 PM

Meeting Times and Locations Monday and Wednesday Lectures: 8:00 – 8:50 AMKildee 108 Wednesday Labs:2:10 – 4:00 PMKildee 25 Computer Lab Dates (Room 1): April 3April 15April 17April 22 April 24April 29May 1 Text Animal Feeding and Nutrition, 11 th Edition, Jurgens, Bregendahl, Coverdale, Hansen

SCHEDULE DateLecture/LabTopicInstructor 1/14Lecture Introduction. Reviewing nutrient digestion in nonruminant and ruminant animals C.Morris 1/16LectureChemical analysis of feedstuffsC.Morris 1/16LabCalculating the composition of feedstuffs and dietsC.Morris 1/21No ClassMartin Luther King Day 1/23LectureDetermining the digestibility of feedstuffsC. Morris 1/23Lab Energy systems for feedstuffs and applications for calculating feed intake or animal production C. Morris 1/28LectureEnergy feedstuffsJ. Russell 1/30LectureEnergy Supplements J. Russell 1/30LabQuiz 1. Feedstuff identificationJ. Russell 2/4LectureProtein supplementsJ. Russell 2/6LectureBy-product feedstuffsJ. Russell 2/6LabBasic Ration FormulationJ. Russell 2/11LectureForage species and qualityJ. Russell 2/13LectureGrazing systemsJ. Russell 2/13LabExam 1 2/18LectureHarvested forages (Hay)J Russell 2/20LectureHarvested forages (Silages)J Russell 2/20LabMultiple Ingredient Ration FormulationJ Russell 2/25LectureMineral and vitamin supplementsC. Morris 2/27LectureFeed additivesC. Morris 2/27LabFormulating premixesC. Morris

SCHEDULE DateLecture/LabTopicInstructor 3/4LectureFeed processing and mixingC. Morris 3/6LectureFeed processing and mixingC. Morris 3/6LabQuiz 2. Interpreting feed tags and regulationsC. Morris 3/11LectureCompanion AnimalsC. Morris 3/13LectureCompanion AnimalsC. Morris 3/13LabCompanion AnimalsC. Morris 3/25LecturePoultryM. Persia 3/27LecturePoultryM. Persia 3/27LabPoultryM. Persia 4/1LectureHorsesC. Morris 4/3LectureHorsesC. Morris 4/3LabExam 2C. Morris 4/8LectureSwineJ. Patience 4/10LectureSwineJ. Patience 4/10LabSwineJ. Patience 4/15LectureBeef CattleJ. Russell 4/17LectureBeef CattleJ. Russell 4/17LabBeef CattleJ. Russell 4/22LectureDairy CattleJ. Russell 4/24LectureDairy CattleJ.Russell 4/24LabQuiz 3 & Dairy CattleJ. Russell 4/29LectureSmall Ruminants (Goats/Sheep)D. Morrical

SCHEDULE DateLecture/LabTopicInstructor 5/1LectureSmall Ruminants (Goats/Sheep)D. Morrical 5/1LabExoticsC. Morris Final Exam (Exam #3)

EVALUATION AND GRADE SCALE ItemNumberPoints eachTotal points Problem sets Quizzes Exams Drop lowest total quiz or exam score-100 Total 600 Grades % A A B B B C C C D D D F <60 Grading:

Reviewing Nutrient Digestion Chapter 1 – Review of Nutrients Pp – Review of Digestion Pp. 63 – 77 Non Ruminant Ruminant

Types of Digestion Mechanical Chemical Enzymatic Fermentative

DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS REVIEW Non-ruminant Digestive Tract

FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF THE NONRUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT Mouth –Prehension and mastication –Taste –Secretion of saliva Composition –Water –Mucin –Bicarbonate salts –Enzymes (some species) Stomach –Secretions Hydrochloric acid Protease –Pepsinogen → Pepsin Hormone –Gastrin

Small intestine (2 main functions) –Secretions (From 3 locations) 1. Pancreas –Proteases »Trypsinogen → Trypsin »Chymotrypsinogen → Chymotrypsin »Procarboxypeptidase → Carboxypeptidase –Carbohydrase »Amylase –Lipase »Lipase 2. Liver –Bile salts 3. Intestinal mucosa –Carbohydrases »Maltase »Lactase »Sucrase –Peptidases –Gut hormones »Secretin »Cholecystokinin –Absorption

Large intestine –Structural carbohydrate fermentation Importance and size dependent on diet What is a structural carbohydrate that might be fermented in the large intestine vs. a carbohydrate that is not structural or fermented in the large intestine? –Example?

REVIEW OF NONRUMINANT DIGESTION Amylase Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA’s)

REVIEW OF NONRUMINANT DIGESTION HCL Amino acids

AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AVIAN AND NONRUMINANT MAMMALIAN DIGESTIVE TRACTS Mouth –Prehension of feed –No teeth –No amylase Esophagus –Has crop for feed storage Stomach –Proventriculus before feed is ground Gizzard –Grinds feed Small intestine –No lactase Large intestine –Small in most species Cloaca –Organ where feces mixed with urinary waste products (Ventriculus) (Ceca)

RUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT

FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF THE RUMINANT DIGESTIVE TRACT Mouth –Prehension of feed Lips and tongue –Chewing Eating and Rumination –Taste Avoidance –Secretion of saliva Secretion of buffers –NaHCO 3 and NaH 2 PO 4 –Maintain rumen pH Recycling of N, Na, P, and water to rumen Bloat prevention Esophagus –Involved in rumination and eructation

Stomach –Reticulum, rumen & omasum Fermentation Absorption of fermentation endproducts –Abomasum Secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen Small intestine –Similar to non-ruminant –No sucrase Large intestine –Similar to non-ruminant –More important in browsing species

CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS Starch Structural CHO Methane Undegraded Small intestine (Digestion similar to NR) Fermented Volatile fatty acids (VFA) Liver & peripheral tissues Energy and fat synthesis

PROTEIN DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS True protein NPN Undegraded Small intestine Metabolizable Degraded protein Recycled via saliva (20% of dietary N) NH 3 Microbial protein NH 3 Liver Urea Kidney Excreted

LIPID DIGESTION IN RUMINANTS Fat Undegraded Small intestine (Digestion similar to NR) Degraded Glycerol VFA Long chain FA Saturated FA Liver & peripheral tissues Energy and fat synthesis

What is the primary volatile fatty acid produced in the rumen fed a high forage diet? 1.Acetic acid 2.Butyric acid 3.Lactic acid 4.Conjugated linoleic acid 5.Propionic acid